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What is a Sensor Web ?
Abhinav RoongtaWireless Information Networking Group
University of FloridaMarch 3, 2004
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Outline
• Sensor Web– Definition– Basics– Organization– Potential – Current applications
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Introduction
Single transducer monitors and records particular aspect of environment.Little information regarding dynamics.
Correctly configured group can extract spatio-temporaldynamics.
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Definition
• According to NASA New Technology Report on Sensor Webs, “ The Sensor Web consists of a system of intra-communicating, spatially distributed, sensor pods that can be deployed to monitor and explore new environments “.
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Sensor Web Basics
• Communication occurs wirelessly• Each pod consists of two modules
– Transducers that convert environmental parameters into electrical signals.
– Second module• Telecommunication capabilities• Power sources• Energy harvesting devices• Computation devices
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Sensor Web Instrument
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Example of Sensor Web Pod
Radio TransmitterReceiverMicrocontrollerLithium batteryTwo sensorsTotal mass 50 g.
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Sensor Web Basics
• Goal is to extract knowledge and– Adapt – React
• Sharing of information among pods gives macro-intelligence
• Global information sharing permits– Resource management– Self modifying behaviour
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Sensor Web Basics
• Wireless communication between pods is omni-directional.
• Information hopping from pod to pod.
• Information at each pod comes through– Direct measurement taken by local sensors at
each pod.– Information gathered by other pods and
communicated throughout the web.
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Multi-Hopping and Power Efficiency
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Sensor Web vs Sensor Networks
• Information gathered by one pod is shared and used by other pods.
• Sensor networks collect data while Sensor Webs modify their behaviour on basis of collected data.
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Sensor Web Organization
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Sensor Web Organization
• Deployment of new pods possible.
• No preferred direction of information flow.
• Radio traffic is bi-directional.
• End user interacts through the mother pod.
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In Situ Sensor Webs vs. Other Monitoring Techniques
• Sensor Web provides– Direct, proximity measurements over large
spatial scale with immediate value– Continued, virtual presence in area– Access to areas not reachable by remote
measurements.
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In Situ Sensor Web Requirements
• Power Minimization
• Bandwidth minimization
• Cost minimization.
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Sensor Web Deployments
Seven Transducers, Commercial Transceiver (16 Mhz), 8 V battery.
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Sensor Web Deployments
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Key Concepts Demonstrated
• Individual pods reintegrate themselves
• Minor hardware repairs & upgrades performed on some pods while rest of the web is running
• Isolated pods seek the network & integrate themselves
• Synchronization of pods
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References
• K. A. Delin and S. P. Jackson, “ The Sensor Web: A New Instrument Concept” SPIE Symposium on Integrated Optics, Jan 2001.
• K. A. Delin, “The Sensor Web: A Macro Instrument for Coordinated Sensing” appeared in Sensors Vol. 2, 2002.
• http://sensorwebs.jpl.nasa.gov.
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