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What is Chemistry?
Studying Matter and Measurement
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Why Study Chemistry?
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The Study of Chemistry
What is chemistry?– Scientific study of matter, its properties, and its
interactions with other matter and with energy
What is matter?– Stuff that has mass– Stuff that occupies space
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Scientific Method
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Classification of Matter
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Elements
Fundamental substances H is 75% of the mass of the universe O, Si are 75% of the earth’s crust O, C, H are more than 90% of the human
body
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Relative Abundances
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Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Characteristics that can be observed without altering the identity of the substance
Examples: volume, mass, color, malleability, ductility, conductivity, solubility, etc.
Characteristics that cannot be observed without altering the identity of the substance
Examples: flammability, tendency to corrode, reactivity, etc.
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Signs of Chemical Change
Energy change Color change Odor change Bubbles forming Precipitate forming
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Ice melting Paper burning Cake baking Salt dissolving in water
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States of Matter
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More on States of Matter
StateShape and
Volume
Distance Between
MoleculesEntropy Motion
SOLIDDefinite shape
and volumeClosely packed
Organized
No random motion
(vibrating in place)
LIQUID
Indefinite shape but
definite volume
Close but free to move
Much disorderSome random
motion (flowing)
GASIndefinite
shape and volume
Very far apart Most disorderCompletely
random motion (diffusion)
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Learning Check
List examples of physical and chemical properties.
NO2: What do you see? What phase does this represent? What phase changes are possible.
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Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Qualitative measurements involve descriptions
– Ex. I have orange soda.
Quantitative measurements involve numbers.
– I have 2 cans of soda
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Uncertainty in Measurement
What is the difference between precision and accuracy? What is shown in each picture?
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Another Learning Check
The true temperature outside is 71.2°F. Several thermometers made by one manufacturer record the temperature as 67.8, 68.2, 67.2, 67.6, and 68.0°F.
Are these qualitative or quantitative measurements?
How would you describe this data in terms of accuracy and precision? Why?
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Any questions?
“The art and science of asking questions is the source of all knowledge.”
Thomas Berger