Download - What is HIV ?
![Page 1: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is HIV?
H- HumanI- ImmunodeficiencyV- Virus
•Only transferrable between humans•Weakens immune system by destroying cells that fight disease= “deficient”•Can reproduce by taking over a cell in the body of the host
![Page 3: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is AIDS?A- Aquired
I- Immuno-D- DeficiencyS- Syndrome
•Aquired= not something inherited from birth. HIV- can be inherited, AIDS- acquired.•Immuno-deficient= body does not work the fight off dangerous invaders as it was able to.•Syndrome- (not a disease) because has a wide range of complications.
![Page 4: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
HIV + many do not know because no symptoms.
Symptoms appears as they progress towards AIDS
Periods of feeling healthy and then sick.
Most symptoms are from OI’s.
![Page 6: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ARS
Acute
Retroviral
Syndrome or
Primary HIV
infection
![Page 7: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SYMPTOMS CAN INCLUDE:
Fever
Chills
Rash
Night sweats
Muscle aches
Sore throat
Ulcers in the mouth
Fatigue
Swollen lymph nodes
![Page 8: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NEXT…
Chronic/ Latent
phase where people
do not have any
symptoms.
Can last 10+ yrs.
![Page 9: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FINALLY!!!
However, as HIV progresses to AIDS: fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, night sweats, and even wasting syndrome at late stages. Many of the signs and symptoms of AIDS come from opportunistic infections which occur in patients with a damaged immune system.
![Page 10: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
NNRT’S
Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors
![Page 14: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
COMMON NNRTI’S
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Delavirdine (Rescriptor)
Nevirapine (Viramune)
![Page 15: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WHAT IS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE?
• An enzyme
• Needed in HIV for
replication
![Page 16: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NRTI’SNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
![Page 18: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NNRTI’S VS. NRTI’S
What’s the difference?
![Page 19: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NNRTI
![Page 20: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NRTI
• Adenine ---- Thymine
• Guanine ---- Cytosine
NRTI’s create faulty
nucleosides
![Page 21: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Protease Enzyme
Proteins are building blocks for living things
Mechanism of Action: Lock and Key
Viral Assembly
![Page 22: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CONTIUNED…
One of the “good guys”
Primary function: Blockage of viral assembly
No more copies!
![Page 23: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Idinavir (Crixivan)
Blockage action
Effect on viral load?
Cure?
Prevents transmission?
![Page 24: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LOPINAVIR -R ITON AVIR ( KALET RA)
Against HIV due to Lopinavir
Blockage action
Effect on viral load?
Cure?
Prevents transmission?
![Page 25: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SAQUINAVIR ( INVIRASE )
Blockage action
Effect on viral load?
Cure?
Prevents transmission?
![Page 26: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
LAST, BUT NOT LEAST…
Great Optimism!
![Page 27: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
EXTRA
Early detection
tests
PCR or RNA tests
p24 antigen tests
Early treatment
ART
Avoiding transmission
Mother to child
Sexual intercourse
Blood
![Page 28: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In 2011, there were about 2.5 million new cases of HIV worldwide.About 34.2 million people are living with HIV.In 2010, there were about 1.8 million deaths in persons with AIDSNearly 30 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic began.
Statistics of HIV
![Page 30: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
IN THE U.S.
At the end of 2010, an estimated 872,990 persons
in the United States were living with diagnosed HIV
infection.
In 2010, the estimated number of deaths of
persons ever receiving a diagnosis of AIDS in the
United States was 15,529
![Page 31: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
H I V A N D T H E E F F E C T S O N T H E O R A L C AV I T Y
HIV disease can make
you more susceptible
to:
HPV
Herpes simplex
Hairy leukoplakia
Candidiasis
Aphthus ulcers
Cavities
Periodontitis and Gingivitis
Medication can cause Xerostomia
![Page 33: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
OUR ROLE AS HYGIENIST:
Thorough dental and medical history
Thorough dental assessment
Oral health education
Periodontal screening or examination
Phase I treatment - Prevention and maintenance.
![Page 34: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
EDUCATE PATIENTS:
Certain lesions are contagions like Herpes and
HVP
Medication can cause dry mouth
Avoid alcohol
Avoid tobacco
![Page 35: What is HIV ?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813b07550346895da3abc7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
THE END!!!