Download - What is ravine.ppt
Gully
A gully is a landform created by
running water, eroding sharply
into soil, typically on ahillside. Gullies
resemble large ditches or
small valleys, but are metres to tens of
metres in depth and width.
RAVINE
A very small valley.
Product of streamcutting erosion.
Typically classified as larger in
scale than gullies, although smaller than
valleys
1) Constant Rainfall:
Monthly distribution.
Rainfall Intensity & Run-off.
Rapid Snowmelts.
2) Prolonged inundation and impact of back water during high floods.
Improper land use.Forest and grass fires.Overgrazing.Mining.Road construction.Livestock and vehicle trails.Destructive logging.
Ravine formation is the
cumulative results of:
Indiscriminative destruction of
forests or vegetation.
Unplanned cultivation.
Destructive grazing and
Severe water erosion.
Ravine and Gully types
U and V shaped Ravines:
1) It can classified based on the shape of
their cross-section.
2) Both U and V shaped Ravines may be
found in same channels.
Ravines spread – 3.67 million hectares along the river and tributaries.
It spreading at the Rate of about 0.5% annually.
Serious ravine intrusions.Beas in PunjabChambal in Madhya Pradesh.Kalisind, Banas, Morel andGambhir in Rajasthan.Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.Mahi, Sabarwati, Narmada and Tapti in
Gujarat.
State Ravine area(lakh ha)
UP 12.30
MP 6.83
Bihar 6.50
Rajasthan 4.52
Gujarat 4.00
Pune and Haryana 1.20
West Bengal 1.04
Tamil Nadu 0.62
Maharastra 0.20
Total 37.00
Gabion Structures
Wire woven baskets filled with stones
Adoptable: High slope & Heavy rainfall areas
Constructed across small stream to conserve stream flows with practically no submergence beyond stream course
The height of such structure is around 0.5m & normally used in the streams with width of about 10 to 15m
Control Storm Water Flow
Temporary Underground Water Storage
Infiltration of Water into Surrounding Soil
Storing Water for Re-use
Biological Measures
Strip Planting
Growing of different crops on alternate strips of
ground that usually follow the contour of the
land
To minimize erosion
2)COVER CROP
Any annual,biennial or perenial plant grown as monoculture or polyculture.
To improve soil fertility,soil quality and water infiltration.
3)Afforestation
Planting the trees along the edges of the feilds,the wastelands and the steepy slopes to prevent erosion.
Research center for Ravine
The Central Soil & water conservation research and training institute,Research Center.(CSWCRTIR)
It has carried out research at last 25 years investigations to control of gullies and reclamation of Ravines,Especially onthe banksof Mahi river in Gujarat.
References
M.P.SINGH,D N TIWARI(1996) Agroforestry &Wasteland.
www.thisland.illinois.edu/60ways/images/
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/destruction-of-ravines-poses-threat-to-indian-wolf/article2804572.ece
www.wikkipedia.org