R F I DRadio Frequency Identification
Outline
• RFID Overview
• RFID and the Supply Chain
• Current Uses
• Future Direction
• Corporate Examples
04/09/2023
What is RFID?
• A technology that employs a microchip with an
antenna that broadcasts its unique identifier and
location to receivers.
• Employs a microchip called a smart tag,
broadcasts unique 96-bit identifier to receiver.
• Receiver relays the data to a computer.
History
• Invented in 1935
– RFID technology has its roots in radar.
• 1939– IFF Transponder– Used by allies in WWII
• 1945
– Leon Theremin
– Espionage tool for the Soviet government.
History Cont.• 1960’s
– Electronic article surveillance (EAS) tags
– To discourage and detect theft• 1973
– Claims U.S. patent was first true ancestor• 1980
– Retail– Use of RFID in tracking and access applications
appeared– Price, color, date of purchase
RFID
• Radio Frequency Identification
• Automatic Identification Method
– Stores and Retrieves Data using Tags or
Transponders
• Can be attached or incorporated
• Contains Silicon Chips and Antennas
– Receive and Respond to Radio Frequency
Queries from Transceiver.
RFID Tags
• Contains two main parts:– Silicon chips– Antennas
• Components enable tags to receive and respond to radio frequencies queries from RFID transceivers.
• Three types:– Passive– Semi-Passive– Active
RFID – Tag Types
• Passive- No Internal Power Supply - Quite Small in Size.
• The smallest device can be measured at 0.15mm * 0.15mm.
- Most Common
04/09/2023
RFID – Tag Types
• Semi Passive
– Similar to passive tags, with the addition
of a small battery
– Battery powers the integrated circuit
– Bigger, Longer Range, Limited Life
RFID – Tag Types
• Active- Internal Power Supply- Typically Beacon Tags
- Transmit their tag data and ID at a predetermined fixed interval
- Response Tags: Only respond when an active RFID reader requests the tags to transmit
RFID Design Approaches
• Two fundamentally different RFID design
approaches
• Exist for transferring power from the reader to the
tag:
1. Magnetic induction
2. Electro Magnetic wave capture.
• These two designs take advantage of EM
properties associated with an RF antenna – the
near field and the far field.
Supply chains and inventory
• Locating Inventory in
Stock
• Information Storage
Capabilities
• Less Error
Supply chains and inventory• Tracking Knowledge• Safety and Security
RFID – Current ApplicationsManufacturing Pharmaceuticals Airlines
Restaurants Toll Road Retails
RFID – Current ApplicationsGovernment Corporate,
Municipal Credit Card
Banks People Tracking Animal Identification
RFID – Current ApplicationsSeaports Blood Banks Security, Access
Control
RFID – Hospitals
• Track equipment
• Patient locator/information storage
• Doctor locator
• Restrict access to drugs and other materials
RFID - Military
• Tracking wounded during war
• Following personnel movement during training exercises
• Improving movement and tracking of supplies
• Identifying vehicles and shipments as being either military or non-military
RFID - what does this mean for customers?
Today:
• Full shelves
Tomorrow:
• Product make-up
• Ease stock keeping, shopping and cooking
• Increased product safety
• Exchange convince
RFID - what does this mean for retailers?
Today:• Inventory control• Decreased manual handling• Increased sales & long-term market share
Tomorrow:• Increased theft protection• Reduced spoil• Significantly reduced inventory measures• Counterfeit protection
04/09/2023
Future Direction
• It will provide larger memory capacities
• Wider reading ranges.
• Faster processing speed.
• Provide technology in less cost.
• More effective anti-collision techniques.
RFID - Smart-shelf system
RFID - wal-mart
• Wal-Mart’s decision to incorporate RFID into their
retail and supply chain has propelled the
technology forward
• Benefits:
– efficiency
– simplification
• Pilot trial
– 16% decrease in stock-outs and
– 2/3 reduction in replenishment times
RFID - wal-mart• Top 100 Wal-Mart suppliers currently use RFID
tags
– increasing to 300 by the end of 2006
– 600 by the end of 2007
• Strategic Implications
– Volume and Cost
– Upstream Supply Chain extensions
– Downstream Supply Chain extensions
– Innovation
RFID - Corporate Examples
Conclusion
• RFID has many potential uses
• Likely to play a key technological role
• Perceptions of privacy and security vary
• Privacy and security concerns must be
addressed
RFID - Sources
04/09/2023
Thank you