•What is symbiosis?•What are the different kinds of
symbiosis?•Examples
SYMBIOSIS
What is symbiosis?
What it means: •Two organisms that live together•Temporarily or for a longer time•At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship
Literal definition: the act of living together
PREDATION• Organism that captures, kills and eats
another ( prey)Adaptations: sense of smell.eyesight web of spiders heat sensitive pit ofrattlesnakesSharp teeth Tiger stripesSpeedclimbing
Adaptations of Prey
• Ability to flee quickly• Hiding- camouflage• Resembles other organisms• Colorations• Spines, thorns, foul odor
Mimicry-harmless species looks/acts like harmful one
Movie Examples
• Example 1 9 minutes
• Osprey hunting fish
Physical adaptations
are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself,
and to reproduce its species.
Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
Hey! I’m a walking
stick. I look just like a
stick you’d find on the
ground.
© A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that?
Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living
organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
Poisonous
Not poisonous
Physical adaptation
I’m the Monarch!
I’m the Viceroy!
Herbivore eats plants
• Plant Adaptations:
Plant defense: Thorns, spines, sticky hares
Chemical defense-poison, irritating needles, bad taste
Medical use: morphine, atropine, codeine,
What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
Mutualism ParasitismCommensalismboth
organisms benefit
one organism benefits
one organism benefits
one organism
is unaffecte
d
one organism
is harmed
Parasitism• One benefits the other one harmed
• Parasites in the stomach• Wasps and aphids• Largest tapeworm: • The largest ever recorded in a
human being was, I believe, 20 m (about 66 feet
Parasitism: one benefits, one is
harmed
Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay eggs on
acacia treeAcacia
covers the infected area with
brown flesh (gall)
Parasitism: one benefits, one is
harmed
Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood
streamHuman may go
blind
Kinds of Parasites:• Ectoparasites: external parasite- tick,
flea, lice leech, lamprey, mosquito
• Endoparasite: bacteria, protists, tapeworms
• Host Defense against a parasite:– Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system
– Adaptations: hooks, suckers, etc.
C. Competition
• 1. competitive exclusion
• 2. character displacement
• 3. resource partitioning
D. Mutualism
• Ex’s
• Protozoan and termites• Plants and bees• Aphids and ants
• More…
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of
parasites Oxbird gets a meal
E. Commensalism
• Ex’s• Ex 2• EX:
• Spanish moss in trees
Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example 3: Cattle with cattle
egretsCattle stir up insects
as they eat grass
Egrets hang
around and eat insects
Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example 4: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets
protection Anemone is unaffected
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