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What type of cell is found in Bacteria and
Archaea?
prokaryotic
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What cell type do all creatures besides Bacteria
and Archaea have?
eukaryotic
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Define the term species and explain why
a mule is not an example of a species?
A species is a collection of individuals capable of successfully interbreeding
and producing fertile offspring. A mule is not capable of reproducing
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List the following about bacteria: cell type_________, number of cells per creature ____Reproduction methods_________________, Feeding Methods _______________ Important Cell Wall Ingredient
Procaryotic1
Asexual/conjugationPhotosynthesis/chemosynthesis
peptidolycan
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What are the three main shapes of bacteria cells and the three main living arrangements of
bacteria?
Cocci Round Diplo Pairs
Bacilli Rod Staphxlo Cluster
Spirilli Spiral Strepto chains
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What is the difference in terms of the cell wall contents between a Gram Positive Bacteria and a Gram Negative Bacteria? Gram Positive Bacteria have lots of _ in the cell wall while Gram Negative Bacteria have very little __ in the cell wall.
Peptidoglycon
Peptidoglycon
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After Gram staining what color do Gram
Positive cells look?
purple
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After Gram staining what color do Gram
Positive cells look?
pink
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What are four main features used to
identify bacteria species?
ShapeCell wall structure
Food sourceRNA sequences
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Why can’t bacteria reproduce sexually?
They lack a true nuclei
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What happens basically when bacteria reproduce by conjugation? How many bacteria does conjugation start with and how many does conjugation end with?
More than one cell may be created – part or all of the genetic material is transferred to a cell the cell then
divides by binary fission creating more cells
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What basically happens when bacteria
reproduce asexually
Binary fission – genetic material is reproduced (copied) and the cell
divides into two
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What is an endospore? When would a capable bacteria create an endospore?
It is a seed like structure containing DNA – it is dormant and is produced during unfavorable conditions- will
come to life during favorable conditions
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What is the name of the “jello” like
material used to grow bacteria on?
agar
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What geometric shape do bacteria colonies
grow in?
Diplo pairs
Staphlo – clusters
Strepto - chains
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What are antibiotics? What creatures can
antibiotics kill?
Agents that can work to prevent bacteria from growing. They kill
bacteria.
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What is antibiotic resistance? How does antibiotic resistance occur?
Changes that make antibiotics ineffective. Genetic mutations
give rise to antibiotic resistance.
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Relate the story of the accidental discovery of antibiotics.
Alexander Flemming – working an a bacteria noticed that a penecillin mould prevented the
bacteria from growingPenicillin notatum – bacteria staphyloccus
Principle of limited sloppiness
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What are some of the extreme environments that members of the Kingdom Archaea live in?
Hot springsAlkaline/acidic waters
VolcanoesHot coal
Rock deep in the earth
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Name three differences and two similarities between Kingdom Bacteria and Kingdom
Archaea?
Cell wall different structures
Cell wall different chemical composition
Different genes
Both move via flagella
Both have 3 shapes
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Where do the following types of Archaea live and what do they do (See text page 138)?
Methanogens
Halophil Thermoacidophiles
Methanogens – methane producing – oxygen free environmentSalt loving – extremely saline environments
Heat/ acid loving – extremely hot and acidic environments
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Name three ways that Archaea and Bacteria either harm or benefit humanity?
(See pgs 136-139)
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What do the following words mean? (See page 134 in textbook)
Aerobic
Anaerobic Facultative Anaerobe
Thermophile
Aerobic – with oxygenAnaerobic – without oxygen
Facultative anaerobic – with or withoutThermophile – temp above 50 degrees
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What does a taxonomist do?
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What were the two Kingdoms in Aristotle’s
classification system called?
Plantae
Anamalia
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What Kingdom did Ernst Haeckel add?
protista
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Who is credited with the development of
the 5 kingdom system of classification?
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What are the names of the three domains and six kingdoms used in the present system of
classification?How are these kingdoms and domains
organized? Kingdoms – protista, anamalia,
plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaeaDomains – eukaryote, archaea,
bacteria
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Eukarya Archaea Bacteria
Protista Archaea Bacteria
Fungi
Anamalia
Plantae