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What’s New in 18c ???
Presented by : Mandeep Kaur SandhuSenior Oracle DBA
Download these slides from : mandysandhu.com
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• Overview of Oracle 12c and introduction to 18c• More focus on DBA oriented features• Multitenant Architect and Enhancements• Know how exiting database features have improved in oracle • New Patching Model• Conclusion
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Goals
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Oracle 12c R1 • June 2013
Oracle 12c R1.0.2 • June 2014
Oracle 12c R2 • Cloud 2016 and March 2017 for all
Oracle 18.1• Feb 2018 Exadata Cloud• April 2018 DbaaS• On – Premises ( Sometime in July 2018)
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Recent Release
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9i, 11g, 12c , 13, 14,15,16,17, 18c
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18c = 12.2.0.2
Autonomous Database = Oracle cloud service that use 18c database
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Multitenant Architecture• First architecture change since V6 • Container Database (CDB)• Pluggable Databases (PDB’s)
What is Achieved??• Consolidation • Ease of maintenance • Cost reduction • Easier and more rapid movement of data
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Oracle 12c – Major change
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CDBPDBs
(Application Metadata and data)
Architect
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Root (Oracle System Meta Data)
PDB_1 PDB_252PDB$SEED PDB_2 PDB_251
12.2 : Max_PDBS -> 4096
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Oracle 18c Multitenant Enhancements
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PDB Cloning12.1
• Remote PDB copy ( Sources RO)
12.2 • Remote PDB copy - Hot cloning• Command line used to clone
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1_clone FROM pdb1@clone_link;
• Local PDB - DBCA (PDB$seed or unplugged database)
18c • Local PDB clone – DBCA (Plugged)
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./dbca -silent -createpluggabledatabase -sourcedb cdb18 -createpdbfrom pdb -pdbName pdb18_clone -sourcepdb pdb18
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Refreshable PBS’s :• 12.2 – Refresh contents of a remote hot cloned PDB’s• Refresh can be done manually or set to Automatic.• Can change refreshable PDB to a Non-refreshable.• Open Read only, put refresh mode= none for R/W
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Refreshable PDB’s
CDB1 CDB2
Root Root
Seed PDB1PDB1(RO)Seed PDB2
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Refreshable PBS’s Switchover:• 18c – Refreshable PDB’s can be switchover• Clone PDB can act as sources and vice versa
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Refreshable PDB’s Switchover
CDB1 CDB2
Root Root
Seed PDB1PDB1(RO)Seed
CDB1 CDB2
Root Root
Seed PDB1(RO)
PDB1Seed
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Implementation
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• PDB snapshot is a named copy of PDB at specific time• 18c introduced, Snapshot Carousel – Set of max 8
snapshots• At maximum limit oldest copy overwrite• Content including
• Copy of Data files but no archived redologs• Its an archive file stored in same directory of datafile
location.
• Usage:• Point in time recovery• Generate Non-prod environment
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PDB Snapshot Carousel
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Point in Time Recovery
PDBSEED CDB_PDB1
Mon 1/7
Tue 2/7
Wed 3/7
Thu4/7
Fri 5/7
Sat 6/7
Sun 7/7
Mon 8/7
CDB HR_App
Logical Corruption Fri 5/7
Create using Snapshot
CDB_PDB1
Snapshots -8
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Generate Non-Prod Environment
PDBSEED
Mon 1/7
Tue 2/7
Wed 3/7
Thu4/7
Fri 5/7
Sat 6/7
Sun 7/7
Mon 8/7
CDB HR_App
Auto Snpshots
Refreshable Clone
PDB1_PROD PDB1_test_master
PDB1_test_full
Full Clone
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Implementation
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Snapshot Copy PDB : • No complete copy of sources datafiles.• Storage level snapshot• Snapshot copy is a sparse clone
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PDB Snapshot Restore
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Collection of CDB’s and hosted PDB’s as one logical CDB.• Lead CDB ( Database property - LEAD_CDB and LEAD_CDB_URI)• CDB Fleet Members
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CDB Fleet
CDB 1 ( Lead Fleet)
Root(CDB$Root)
Pdb$Seed cdb1_fsapp cdb2_fsapp cdb3_fsapp
CDB2
Root(CDB$Root)
Pdb$ Seed cdb2_fsapp
CDB3
Root(CDB$Root)
Pdb$ Seed cdb3_fsapp
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Database Infrastructure for scalability and centralized Management • Maximum number of pdb’s (4096) for an application reached.• Different PDB’s that use same application must reside in different
location – CPU/ Memory or I/O resources.
All PDBs in the CDBs are now “visible” in the lead CDB• Monitoring application from one container• SaaS – Same schema across all apps- container clause to run
query against all apps.
Note:• Each PDB should be unique all CDB’s in a CDB fleet.• Create a PDB in any CDB in the fleet but can only open a PDB
in the CDB where it is created.
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Purpose of CDB Fleet
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Oracle 18c RMAN Enhancements
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RMAN PDB Duplicates :• 12.2 you can duplicate a PDB to new CDB only• 18c allow RMAN duplicate to existing CDB.• Only Active duplication allowed• Only One PDB can duplicated at a time• Can’t duplicate to a standby CDB• Can’t skip specific tablespace.• REMOTE_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST – location of archive logs.
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RMAN Duplicate
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Preplugin Backups:• Backups taken before a Non-CDB or a PDB plugged into a
target CDB• Preplugin backups available from 12.2 but with 18c support
more RMAN command - Catalog, crosscheck, list etc.• PDB backups re-usable after plugging into CDB
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Preplugin Backups
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Oracle 18c Installation And Patch changes
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18c offers RPM based database installation• Perform the pre-installation validations and installation
yum -y install oracle-database-server-18c-preinstallrpm -ivh oracle-ee-db-18.1.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
New location of Password file in 18c• ORACLE_BASE instead of ORACLE_HOME
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Installation - changes
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Oracle 18c, You can configure an oracle Home in read only mode• Configuration data and log files are placed outside. • Read only home after Software installation
rootctl – enable –forceroohctl -disable -force
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Read only Oracle Homes
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Two new directories• Oracle_base_home• Oracle_base_config
Benefit• Easy patching• Mass rollout• Simplified provisiong of installation and configuration
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18c Release Model:
18.1.0 – Update 1 Included already
Update 218.2.0
Update 3 18.3.0
Update 5 18.5.0
Update 4 18.4.0
Update 2 18.2.1
Revision 1
Update 3 18.3.1
Revision 1
Update 4 18.4.1
Revision 1
Update 5 18.5.1
Revision 1
Update 2 18.2.2
Revision 2
Update 3 18.3.2
Revision 2
Update 4 18.4.2
Revision 2
Update 5 18.5.2
Revision 2
Update 2 18.2.3
Revision 3
Update 3 18.3.1
Revision 3
Update 418.4.1
Revision 3
Update 5 18.5.1
Revision 3
Jan/18
April
July
Oct
Jan/1919.1.0 – New Feature Release
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No PSU or BPVersion number reflect the patch level.
• A release update or revision is only a patch• Patch 18.2.1 -> 18.7.0• Opatch
Upgrade • 18.2.1 -> 19.1.0• dbupgrade or DBUA
MOS – 742060.1
https://mikedietrichde.com/videos/
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Oracle 18c General Enhancements
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SQLPLUS Features – 12.2
• History
• MARKUP CSV on
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SQLPLUS Features – 18c
• Set Feedback on SQL ID
• Set Row Limit N
• Set Linesize Window
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Cancel SQL Statement -18c
• 18c – You can cancel queries in session • Run away queries – consuming resources
ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL SQL ‘SID, SERIAL, [@INST_ID, SQL_ID]’;
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Scalable Sequence – 18c• Sequences can be scalable – Sequences will have extra numbers.• Extra 6 digits = 3 instance number offset + 3 session number offset• Scale = 6 digits + normal sequence number• Extend = 6 digit + Max value • To solve contention – RAC environment
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DBMS_Session Sleep -18c
• Session sleep procedure – No extra privileges• Suspend session for specified number of seconds• Replace DBMS_LOCK
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Schema only Accounts– 18c
• Schema without password• Don’t allow direct connections• Can’t connect through DB links• Not valid for ASM instaces
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Private Temporary Tables–18c
Private Temporary tables • Stored in memory and one is visible to that session• Dropped after session or transaction• ON commit drop/preserve definition• Tables with prefix - ORA$PTT_
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Online commands – 18c
New ONLINE commands are now available for partitioned tables:
ALTER TABLE… MERGE PARTITION… ONLINE;ALTER TABLE… MERGE SUBPARTITION… ONLINE;
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Oracle 18c Data Guard
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No Logging operation extended in Oracle data Guard 18c.
• Standby No logging for Data Availability – commit operation is delayed until all standbys are applied the non-logged blocks.
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY NOLOGGING FOR DATA AVAILABILITY;
• Standby No logging for Load Performance
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY NOLOGGING FOR LOAD PERFORMANCE;
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Auto correction of Non-logged blocks – 18c
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Oracle 18c ASM
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• Disk repair time increased – 3.6 hrs to 12 hrsDISK_REPAIR_TIME
• Flex Disk groups – No more mount restricted mode for flex disk group conversionALTER DISKGROUP normaltoflex CONVERT REDUNDANCY TO FLEX;
• File Groups- Drop with cascadeALTER DISKGROUP DiskGroup1 DROP FILEGROUP TEST CASCADE;
ASMCMD rmfg
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ASM Disk Groups – 18c
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Live SQL :
Livesql.oracle.com
Include available code libraries
Ability to save scripts and share
Available sample schemas or built your own.
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How to test 18c features???
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Oracle cloud account • Free trail Account $300 for 30 days
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Oracle Cloud
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• Oracle 12c – First Major architectural change to oracle since version 6
• Multitenant Enhancements • Simplified Patching and Release models• A lot of security, Grid and Performance level changes • Oracle SQL Live for testing• Oracle 18c Express edition • I am still testing the new features and will publish more
blog posts in future.
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Wrapping up
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