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When does one historical period end and another one begin?
One authority, Jefferson B. Fletcher, tells us to look to the rainbow for our answer.
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Historical epochs are like the color-bands in a rainbow which, though distinct, yet merge at their boundaries. Between definitely yellow and definitely red there is a strip which has a tinge of both colors. We may call it… either the beginning of the red band or the ending of the yellow.
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Historical periods – like the colors in a rainbow – do not end or begin suddenly. Rather, one flows into the next. It is therefore impossible to point to the exact date that marked the ‘official start’ or ‘end’ of a period.
From D. Roselle. A World History – A Cultural Approach. 1963. (p.249).
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The RenaissanceA new vision of humanity
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Renaissance = Rebirth
Where? From Italy it spread to Germany, the Netherlands, France, Spain, England.
When? From the 14th to the 16th centuries.
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Factors that stimulated the Renaissance in Europe:
- Contact- Trade- Wealth- Creative people
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The Renaissance had several important features:
- A rebirth of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultures.
- Humanism- Extraordinary creativity,
particularly in literature, art and architecture.
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Medieval art
Flat, stiff, lifeless postures.
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Renaissance art
Celebration of the physical beauty of the human body.
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Study of the anatomy
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Bright colors
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Linear perspective
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Inspired by models from ancient Greece and Rome.
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Patronage: Wealthy nobles and
merchants pay various artists to produce work.
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Renaissance Architecture
Symmetry Rounded arches Domes Colonnades
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Life during the Renaissance
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Music
In the Middle Ages, music was heard in church or was played by travelling minstrels.
During the Renaissance, print music made music more accessible.
New styles were developed.
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Musical instruments - Dulcimer
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Gemshorn
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Harp
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Harpsichord
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Hurdy-Gurdy
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Pipe and tabor
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Psaltery
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Recorder
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Shofar
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Flute
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Zink (also called “cornetto”)
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Literature
Invention of printing press by German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440.
Printing press made books available to more people and made them less expensive.
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William Shakespeare
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Aldus Manutius
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Map of Italy during the Renaissance
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Types of governments
Principality: a territory ruled by a prince.
Republicanism: a type of government where the richest families made laws, ruled the city, etc.
Monarchy: a territory ruled by a king or a queen.