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Where does the majority of the mass go from the food you eat?
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The majority of the mass from food you eat gets exhaled as carbon dioxide!!
How do we know?
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Exercise and Pulse
• Predict what happens to your pulse when you exercise.
• Explain why your pulse increases when you exercise.
• Summarize what your body uses oxygen for.
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What do we need energy for?
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• All organisms need energy in order to carry out their every day functions.– Such as breathing, walking, running, eating, thinking,
growing, etc.
ENERGY
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What form of energy do we make?
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2009-2010
ATP
Energy in Biology
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Every organism needs ATP!
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2 cellular processes make ATP • Review: Photosynthesis – Done by plants – Happens in the Chloroplast – Makes ATP from sunlight– Some ATP is used for food for the plant
• Today:Cellular Respiration – Done by all living things (in some form)– Happens in the Mitochondria – Makes ATP from breaking down food
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Energy Reactions
• Cellular Respiration – C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
• Photosynthesis – 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Which are reactants and which are products?
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Checkpoint
• Using the equations for cellular respiration and photosynthesis, justify why plants need to make glucose through photosynthesis.
• Cellular Respiration – C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
• Photosynthesis – 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2
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Predict what types of cells in your body would contain many mitochondria.
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Cellular Respiration • Purpose: to break down glucose
• Can be done with or without oxygen –With Oxygen: Aerobic Respiration –Without Oxygen: Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose Energy
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Location of Reactions
Cellular Respiration: occurs in the mitochondria of cells
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Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
• 1. Glycolysis –Happens in the
cytoplasm –Glucose is split in half–Makes 2 ATP
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• 2. Kreb’s Cycle–Happens in Mitochondria–Breaks down Glucose further–Makes 2 ATP
Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
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• Electron Transport Chain–Happens in Mitochondria–Uses O2 Gas–Makes 32 ATP
Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP
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Cellular respiration • Aerobic (with oxygen)• Cellular Respiration• Result: 36 ATP, 6 water, 6
oxygen molecules• All eukaryotic life does this
With O2 present
• Anaerobic (without oxygen)• Fermentation• Result: 2 ATP, bigger molecules
(varies with type)• All prokaryotes do this and
some eukaryotes do when stressed
With O2 absent
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Cellular respiration: Fermentation• 2 Types of Fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation
Higher animals do this in muscles
Result: 2 ATPs and lactic acid
(may cause muscle cramps)
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeast cells and bacteria do this
Result: 2 ATP, ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide (used in
bread and beer/wine making)
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Energy Tally• 36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic
– Glycolysis 2 ATP
– Kreb’s 2 ATP
– Electron Transport 32 ATP Total: 36 ATP
Do we think we always make this exact number of ATP?
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Back to the equation….
– C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP
– C6H12O6 (food we eat)+ 6 O2 (air we breathe) 6 H2O (liquid waste) + 6 CO2 (what we exhale) + 38 ATP (no mass)
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