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Lecture Why study microbes? Naming and categorization
Lab Introduction Microscopes and measurements Pre-lab Aseptic technique Microbes in the environment
Why are microbes so fascinating?
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What is a “microbe”?
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Why study them?
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Why study them?
#1 INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Disease Case #1: > 36 million infections since 1959
Worldwide distribution
The Microbe
Symptoms
Animal reservoir/ host
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Animal reservoirs
Symptoms US distribution
The Microbe
Disease Case #2: epidemic and pandemic status
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Animal reservoirs/ hosts?
Primary distribution prior to 2014
The Microbe
Symptoms
Disease Case #3: 29 outbreaks since 1976
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2014/15 Outbreak
2014/15 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa
Status as of 8/12/15: Suspected/confirmed cases 30,952 Suspected case deaths 11,284
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Ebola HV: the paradoxical virus
Death from catastrophic thrombosis
Death from massive hemorrhage
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Similarities?
- All are viruses
- All are zoonoses: diseases transmitted through an animal reservoir - All have occurred with alarming frequency in the past 50 years and represent…
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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs)
-Definition: New or changing diseases that are increasing in incidence or have potential to increase in the near future: For example:
- Avian influenza A (H5N1) and swine flu (H1N1) - Invasive Group A Streptococcus- “flesh eating” bacteria - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Hypervirulent drug-resistant Clostridium difficile
Why are we seeing so many EIDs in the past half century? (APO-1)
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How do we study and keep track of all these diseases?
-Epidemiology: the branch of science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health (CDC, MMWR, ISID, etc.)
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#2 Biotechnology
Example: Chemical and food production
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Example: Chemotherapy: treatment of disease with a chemical 1. Synthetic drugs- man-made chemicals 2. Antibiotics- microbe-made chemicals Ex. Alexander Fleming’s penicillin from Penicillium notatum
#2 Biotechnology
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Example: Genetic manipulation: using genes from/in microbes (for example in gene therapy and genetic engineering)
#2 Biotechnology
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Bioremediation- use of microbes or their enzymes to degrade, detoxify, or otherwise decontaminate environmental hazards
#3 Environmental role
Pseudomonas spp. metabolize oil spill on Alaskan shore
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Microbiota= the microbes that live in and on our bodies Maintain health: intestinal and vaginal tracts, skin Cause disease: oral microbiota, overuse of antibiotics,
opportunistic pathogens
#4 Human health
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Naming- Binomial nomenclature
ALWAYS italicize (when word processing/ printing) or underline (when handwriting)
genus and species names
Genus species or G. species Escherichia coli or E. coli
Staphylococcus aureus or S. aureus Rickettsia rickettsii or R. rickettsii
1730s Carolus Linnaeus
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Categorization
Kingdoms of Life
Archaea
Bacteria
Protista (or Protoctista)
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Domains of Life
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
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Independent Learning
1. Complete “APO-1: Microbiology- past and present” and turn in on Monday 2/4. This is the first Additional Point Opportunity (APO) and is an individual assignment. You can access APO-1 on my website: https://www.sdmiramar.edu/faculty/lmurphy 2. Review Chapters 2 and 4 for the basic chemistry and biology principles you would have learned in your pre-requisite courses. Pre-requisite quiz is on Wednesday 1/30.