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• Why is Scientific Classification used in the identification of insects?
• Insects can be placed into groupings based upon their physical characteristics. Insects with similar characteristics, number of wings, mouthparts, etc. are placed in a group with other insects that possess the same characteristics.
• Identification of insect orders aids in prevention and management plans.
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• Scientific Classification• Kingdom• Phylum• Class
• Order • Family• Genus• Species
Insects belong in the Phylum Arthropoda. The Phylum Arthropoda is characterized by having segmented bodies and jointed appendages.
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Example of Classification of Insects: Lady Beetle - Hippodamia convergens
• Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum - Arthropoda• Class - Insecta• Order - Coleoptera• Family - Coccinellidae• Genus - Hippodamia. • Species - convergens
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• 5 Classes of Arthropods• Class #1- Hexapoda: Insects, six,
jointed appendages• Class #2- Chilopoda- Centipedes,
one pair of legs per body segment, multiple body segments
• Class #3- Diplapoda- Millipedes, two pairs of legs per body segment, multiple body segments
• Class #4- Crustacea- Crayfish, five pairs of jointed appendages
• Class #5- Arachnida- Spiders, four pairs of jointed appendages
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• The sixteen orders are:
• Orthoptera• Hemiptera• Homoptera• Coleoptera• Lepidoptera• Diptera• Hymenoptera• Odonata
• Neuroptera• Thysanura• Isoptera• Siphonaptera• Phthiraptera• Thysanoptera• Dermaptera• Blattodea
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Orthoptera
Includes:
Indian House Crickets
Field Cricket Short-horned Grasshoppers Katydid (Long-horned Grasshoppers)
Mouthparts:
Chewing
Metamorphosis:
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Damage: Chewing leaves, Crop grains,
Fun Facts:
Many produce sound through stridulating.
Over 20,000 species worldwide.
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Hemiptera – True BugsIncludes: Assassin bugsKissing bugsLeaf-footed bugLygus bug Stink bug Minute pirate bug Big-eyed bug Damsel bug Mouthparts:
Piercing-Sucking
Metamorphosis:
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Fun Facts:
All of the true “bugs” are in this order.
Most have a common v shape on their shield.
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Homoptera
Includes: Cicadas Aphids Armored scales Cottony cushion scaleCochineal scale Leafhoppers TreehoppersWhiteflies
Mouthparts:Sucking
Metamorphosis:Generally incomplete
Fun Facts: Cochineal scales are used in makeup products for the red color.
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ColeopteraIncludes: Beetles and Weevils
Blister beetleBoll weevil Collops beetleDarkling beetle (Pinacate or Eleodes beetle)Dermestid beetle Dung beetleFig beetleFlea beetleLady beetle (Ladybird beetle/ Ladybug) Long-horned beetle (round-headed wood borer) Palo Verde root borerMetallic wood borer (flat-headed borer) White grub (Scarab beetle larva)10 Striped June beetle
Mouthparts:Chewing, Weevil- Piercing Sucking
Metamorphosis:Complete Metamophosis
Fun Facts: Coleoptera means sheath wing.
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LepidopteraIncludes: Butterflies and Moths
Bagworm• Two-tailed Swallowtail• Budworm/Bollworm• Pink Bollworm• Grape-leaf Skeletonizer• Salt Marsh Caterpillar• Tomato Hornworm• Sphinx Moth• Monarch• Checkered skipperMouthparts: Chewing – Caterpillars,
Siphoning – adult. Metamorphosis:
Complete MetamorphosisFun Facts: The largest butterfly is the
Birdwings that have 11in wingspans.
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DipteraIncludes: Flies, Midges, Mosquito
House fly Crane fly Syrphid or hover fly Bee flyTachinid flyBot flyDeer flyMosquitoGall Midge
Mouthparts:Sponging, Piercing sucking- Mosquito
Metamorphosis:Complete Metamorphosis
Facts: Are common vectors of disease.
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Hymenoptera
Includes: Bees, Wasps, AntsHorntail waspSawflyGall waspsHoney beeLeaf-cutter beeCarpenter beeBumble beeHarvester antLeaf-cutter ant Fire antVelvet Ant (mutillid)Paper wasp Ichneumon wasp Thread-waisted wasp Tarantula hawk (spider wasp)
Mouthparts:Chewing-Lapping
Metamorphosis:Complete Metamorphosis
Facts: Contain all the social insects except termites.
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Odonata
Includes: Dragonfly, Damselfly
Mouthparts:Chewing-Lapping
Metamorphosis:Complete Metamorphosis
Facts: Live in the water the first year of
their lives. After leaving the water they only live
a month. Have been around 300 million years.
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Neuroptera
Includes: Green LacewingAntlion
Mouthparts:
Metamorphosis:Complete Metamorphosis
Facts: Both are beneficial insects. Antlions create a sand pit to
capture unsuspecting prey.
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Thysanura
Includes: SilverfishFirebrat
Mouthparts: Chewing
Metamorphosis:Incomplete Metamorphosis
Facts: Like to lay their eggs in books and wall paper
because of the paper and glue. Live 3-5 yearsMost primitive of all insects.
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Isoptera
Includes:
Dry-wood termite• Subterranean termite
Mouthparts: Chewing Mouthparts
Metamorphosis:Incomplete Metamorphosis
Facts: Live for 15 years.Lay 1 egg every 15 secondsEat wood. Can destroy a house in 2-3 years. Found in every US state except Alaska. Recycle wood in the soil. •
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Siphonaptera
Includes: Cat and dog flea
Mouthparts:Piercing Sucking
Metamorphosis:Complete Metamorphosis
Facts: Fleas can live 100 days without
feeding. Can jump 100 times their own
length. Been around more than 100 million
years. Females can consume more than 15
times their body weight daily.
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• Phthiraptera Formally Anoplura and Mallophaga
• Includes: Lice– Chewing Louse – Sucking Louse
• Mouthparts:• Chewing and Piercing-Sucking• Metamorphosis:• Complete Metamorphosis• Facts: • Sucking lice feed continuously on lice• Chewing lice feed on hair and feathers of animals and
humans. • Wingless. Do not fly or jump
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Blattodea
Includes: Cockroaches• American Cockroach• Brown-banded cockroach• Desert Cockroach• Turkish Cockroach• German Cockroach
Mouthparts: Chewing Mouthparts
Metamorphosis:• Complete MetamorphosisFacts: • Typically Live outside• Walk inside. DO NOT live in the water pipes.
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• Dermaptera
• Includes: Earwigs• Earwig•• Mouthparts: Chewing Mouthparts•• Metamorphosis:• Complete Metamorphosis• Facts: • Like humid, dark areas. • Release a foul smelling liquid up to 4in away. • Oldest known fossil dates back to Jurassic period.
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• Thysanoptera
• Includes: Thrip• Thrip•
• Mouthparts: Rasping-Sucking Mouthparts•
• Metamorphosis:• Complete Metamorphosis• Facts: • Common Pests on flowers, citrus and onions.
• Multiples of this pest are still called Thrip.