Why should you work hard to learn algebra when the type of problems in this book are not likely to be done in your life?
Knowledge
http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/10/the_expansion_o.php
Knowledge
http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/10/the_expansion_o.php
US population Graph
World Population Graph
Gini Coefficient
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient
Consequences of Wealth Disparity
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Income Alternative Poverty Estimates in the United States: 2003, Report P60, n. 227, Tables B-1 and B-3, pp. 18, 20.
Income Inequality and Homicides (r = 0.47, p = 0.02)
Consequences of Wealth Disparity
http://www.globalissues.org/article/4/poverty-around-the-world#WorldBanksPovertyEstimatesRevised
Income Inequality and Social Mobility (r = 0.93, p < 0.01)
Health Care
http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/spend.php
Prison Population
National Debt
US Peak oilU .S. C ru d e Oi l D ai ly Pro d u ctio n an d C o n su mp tio n
an d U S Po p u latio n
U .S . F ie ld P roduc t ion o f C rude O il (Million Barre ls Per D ay )(L) U .S . C ons um pt ion of C rude O il (Million Barre ls Per D ay )(L) U S Populat ion(R )
Se
p-1
913
Ma
y-19
27
Jan
-19
41
Oc
t-1
954
Jun
-19
68
Fe
b-1
982
Oc
t-1
995
Jul
-200
9
Ma
r-2
023
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Qu
anti
ty (
Mil
lio
n B
arr
els
Per
Da
y)
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
140,000,000
160,000,000
180,000,000
200,000,000
220,000,000
240,000,000
260,000,000
280,000,000
300,000,000
320,000,000
US
Po
pu
lati
on
World Oil peakW orld O il P roduc t ion and C ons um pt ion
ht tp: / /www.e ia .doe.gov
Produc t ion C ons um pt ion
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 201045
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Mill
ion
Ba
rre
ls o
f O
il p
er D
ay
Oil Discoveries
Source: www.aspo-ireland.org
Source: www.aspo-ireland.org
http://www.energybulletin.net/primer.php
Summary of Oil production Status
• Of the 65 largest oil producing countries, 54 have passed their peak
Driving Mileage
http://www.project.org/info.php?recordID=443
Natural Gas
http://www.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/27/61031/618
CoalAppalachia Coal – Peak in 1940
http://steveaustinlex.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/you%E2%80%99ve-met-peak-oil-welcome-peak-coal/
World Peak CoalStudy Concludes “Peak Coal” Will Occur Close to 2011
2 August 2010
A multi-Hubbert analysis of coal production by Tadeusz Patzek at The University of Texas at Austin and Gregory Croft at the University of California, Berkeley concludes that the global peak of coal production from existing coalfields will occur close to the year 2011.
After 2011, the production rates of coal and CO2 decline, reaching 1990 levels by the year 2037, and reaching 50% of the peak value in the year 2047. It is unlikely that future mines will reverse the trend predicted in this business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, according to the study, which was published in the journal Energy.
http://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/08/peakcoal-20100802.html
Electric Energy Production distribution of sources
http://www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/pdf_graphs/USELEC.pdf
http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3786
EROEI
To Replace Non-Renewable Energy with Renewable Energy
• Produce 100 square meters of photovoltaic cells every second for 25 years
• Install 50 square meters of mirrors for solar thermal every second for 25 years
• Build one 3-megawatt wind turbine (100 meter diameter) every 5 minutes for next 25 years
What is needed to achieve this?• Build a 3 gigawatt nuclear plant every week for the
next 25 years (US has 8-10 planned for next decade)
• Bring a 300 MW steam turbine on line (for geothermal) every day for the next 25 years.
• For biofuels, fill an olympic sized swimming pool with genetically engineered algae every second for the next 25 years. This would be approximately like covering Wyoming with the algae.
An Effort equivalent to Retooling for WWII
• GM and Ford combined could make 1 wind turbine every 5 minutes
• Nokia, Intel, AMD, Apple could produce the necessary photovoltaic cells
• Coke and Pepsi in 10 years could make enough solar thermal mirrors using the aluminum that would be used for cans to produce 2 TW of power.
• Necessary land area for all of this would be the 7th largest country in the world (between Australia and India).
Nuclear Fusion
• Combining nuclei of smaller atoms to make larger atoms, thereby releasing energy.
• This is what happens with stars• No radioactive or carbon waste.• Potentially 20 or more years from being
viable
Nuclear FusionThe NIF & Photon Science Principal Directorate is one of five directorates at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in Livermore, California. The directorate operates the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world´s largest and highest–energy laser, which has the goal of achieving nuclear fusion and energy gain in the laboratory for the first time – in essence, creating a miniature star on Earth.
A technician inspects a final optics assembly on the NIF target chamber.
Water Resources
http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'3/HTML/Fi_21.html
1950
2010
Fig. 28. Water availability by natural-economic regions of the world: 1950 - 2025.
Thousand Cubic Meters per year per capita
Climate Change
http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/graphs-diagrams-of-global-warming-and-climate.html
Ocean Acidification
Figure 1: Changes in Sea-Surface pH from Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions (pre-industrial to 1990s)Note: Lower pH indicates greater acidity (see Box 1: Understanding the pH Scale)
Source: Pacific Science Association, 2007
http://earthtrends.wri.org/updates/node/245
Plastic PollutionSeptember 4, 2009--Tangled with plastic, rope, and various aquatic
animals, a "ghost net" drifts in August 2009 in the Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch, a loose, free-floating "dump"
twice the size of Texas.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/09/photogalleries/pacific-garbage-patch-pictures/index.html
Marine Fisheries
You are part of the Keystone Generation
Sample Production Curve for any Non-renewable Resource
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120
We are the Keystone Generation
Sample Production Curve for any Non-renewable Resource - On a 4000 year time line
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
The Keystone Generation needs to understand the current situation and develop solutions. This requires mathematical knowledge of which Algebra is the base.
Other, more personal motivators
• You chose to attend college to gain knowledge. • The ability to reason quantitatively is critical in our
technological world.• Getting a job to support your family is very
competitive. What would make someone hire a person with insufficient mathematical skills or work ethic when there are plenty of people with the skills and willingness to work?
Other, more personal motivators
• Algebra skills are assumed knowledge in college math classes.
• Consider that if you don’t work hard and learn the concepts this time, you will have to pay for the class again and eventually work hard enough to be successful anyway.