Download - Wind and Ocean Currents
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Wind and Ocean Currents
Global windsOcean Currents
Local winds
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Coriolis Effect
• Because the Earth rotates, and consists of a mixture of land and sea, the Coriolis Effect exists
• The Coriolis Effect is the movement of particles (such as air) to the right in the Northern Hemisphere
• How about the South?– They move to the left
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Coriolis Effect
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Air movement • Warm air raises; Cold air sinks moving into
the void left be the warm air • Air moves from high pressure to low
pressure
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Global winds
What beltAre we in?Westerlies
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Ocean Currents
• Surface Currents – In the upper 1000 m – Driven by temperature– Also know as the global ocean currents
• Density Currents – Driven by Density – More dense water sinks and where they
circulate for 500 to 2000 years
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Surface Currents • Warm Currents
– Driven by Winds (temperature)– Flow away from the equator towards the poles
• Cold Currents – Driven by Winds (temperature)– Flow away from the poles towards the equator
• Counter Currents – Flow the opposite of the “wind” currents – They “Fill” in the gaps
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Global ocean currents
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Doldrums
• Windless zones at the equator • Air moves vertically
• And current-less zone in the middle of the major ocean basins
• Water mover around them
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Local winds • Land Breeze • Cool air over the land • Warm air over water • Cold air slides into the
void left by the warm air rising
• Happens during nighttime
• Wind blowing from the land
• Sea breeze • Warm air over land • Cool air over water • Cold air slides into the
void left by the warm air rising
• Happens during daytime
• Wind blowing from the sea
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CONVECTIONMoves air in the atmosphere!
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CONVECTIONWind over the shore changes direction
because of EARTH’S UNEVEN
WARMING & COOLING!
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What About Convection in Water?
• Water and air are both fluids. • They both move due to convection!– Just like air, when liquid water is heated, it expands,
becomes less dense, and rises. Side note: Water is different, however, because of it’s unique
structure as a solid. Ice is actually less dense than liquid water whereas other substances are most dense as solids!
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CONVECTION IN LIQUIDS!
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Land Breeze
Wind
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Land Breeze
Wind
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Sea Breeze
Wind
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Sea breeze
Wind
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