Download - Wind Farm Protection
Wind Farm Protection
Automation, Lattes
Schneider Electric 2- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
PES system
PES system
81U/O
27/59
59N
df/dt
dV
Frequency
Voltage
Residual Voltage
81U/O
27/59
59NIslanded load fed unearthed
AR?
O/C & E/F50/51N
df/dt
dV
ROCOF
Voltage Vector Shift
Co-generation/Embedded Machines
NPS Voltage
NPS O/C
47/46
Schneider Electric 3- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
50N51N
64
5051
67dfdt
dV81O81U
59N
2759
67N
R,LF,O
32
P341 Interconnection Protection
46
47
Schneider Electric 4- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
33kV Transformer feeder extension to windfarm - <10MVA,11kV collection
Schneider Electric 5- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
33kV ring network with embedded generation, 2 wind farms with collection voltage at 33 kV
Schneider Electric 6- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
Comprehensive Protection
Schneider Electric 7- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
Windfarm Protection Relays
Models
● P341 G59 Interconnection Protection Relay
● P12x/P13x/P14x Feeder Protection (OC, EF and AR)
● P92x Voltage/Frequency protection
Schneider Electric 8- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
ER G59 Protection Requirements for Connection of Distributed Generators<5MW to Systems <20kV
Schneider Electric 9- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Schneider Electric 10- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
●To inhibit connection of the generating equipment to the REC’s supply unless all phases of the REC’s supply are energised and operating within the agreed protection settings
●To disconnect the generator from the system when a system abnormality occurs that results in an unacceptable deviation of the voltage or frequency at the point of supply
General Requirements Protective Equipment
- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
Schneider Electric 11- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
●To disconnect the generator from the REC’s system in the event of loss of one or more phases of the REC’s supply to the installation
●To ensure that either the automatic disconnection of the generating plant, or where there is component supervision of an installation, the operation of an alarm with audible and visual indication, in the event of a failure of any supplies to the protective equipment that would inhibit its correct operation
General Requirements Protective Equipment
- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
Schneider Electric 12- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Protection required for
Electricity Board Network
Under & Over Volt & Frequency
Loss of Mains (1)
Overcurrent
Earth Fault
Reverse Power
Directional Overcurrent (3)
Neutral Volt Displacement (4)
Parallel Limit Timer
Protection Requirements for Private Generator Operating in Parallel with Electricity Board Network
Permanent Parallel Operation
HV Generators LV Generators
NoExport
Small <150kV
Medium 150-250kVA
Large >250kVA
Export
Protection required
(2) (3) (3)
Notes: (1) Protection for generators(2) Sensitive Relay(3) Optional(4) Application dependant
Schneider Electric 13- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
Notes: (1) Protection for generators(2) Sensitive Relay(3) Optional(4) Application dependant
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Protection Requirements for Private Generator Operating in Parallel with Electricity Board Network
Short Term ‘Test’ Parallel Operation (5 min max)
HV Generators LV Generators
NoExport
Small <150kV
Medium 150-250kVA
Large >250kVA
Protection required
Protection required for
Electricity Board Network
Under & Over Voltage & Frequency
Loss of Mains (1)OvercurrentEarth Fault
Reverse Power
Directional Overcurrent (3)
Neutral Voltage Displacement (4)
Parallel Limit Timer
Schneider Electric 14- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Protection
Under Voltage
Over Voltage
Under Frequency
Over frequency
Protective Equipment and Recommended Setting for LV Supply Arrangements
Phases
All
All
One
One
Trip Setting
-10% (Phase neutral)
+10% (Phase neutral)
-6%
+1%
Total*
Tripping Time
0.5s
0.5s
0.5s
0.5s
* The total tripping time includes any intrergration or timing period of the protection relay as well as relay circuit-breaker operating time
For all other arrangements the settings of the relays should be agreed with the REC
Schneider Electric 15- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
An expression for a sinusoidal mains voltage waveform is generally given by the following:
V = Vp sin (wt) or V = Vp sin (t)
where (t) = wt = 2ft
If the frequency is changing at constant rate Rf from a frequency fo then the variation in the angle (t) is given by:
(t) = 2f dt, (F = Fo + Rf t)
which gives (t) = 2{fo t + t Rf t/2}
and V = V sin {2(fo + t Rf/2)t}
Hence the angle change (t) after time t is given by:
(t) = Rf t2
Voltage Vector Shift Protection
Schneider Electric 16- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Single phase line diagram showing generator parameters
E
R
T
jX
VIL
Schneider Electric 17- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Vector Diagram Representing Steady State Condition
E
I XL
II R
LVT
L
Schneider Electric 18- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
Transient voltage vector change due to change in load current IL
L
L
E
I
I XI RV
L
L
I X”
VT
L
T
I
Schneider Electric 19- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
The rate of change of speed, or frequency, following a power disturbance can be approximated by:
df/dt =
where P = Change in power output between synchronised and islanded operation
f = Rated frequency
G = Machine rate MVA
H = Inertia constant
df/dt
P.f
2GH
Schneider Electric 20- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment
df/dt =
Two consecutive calculations must give a result above the setting threshold before a trip decision can be initiated
P341 df/dt calculation
F - f
3 cycle
n n - 3 cycle
- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -- MiCOM P341 Generator Protection -
Schneider Electric 21- Marketing - Guilhen – Oct 2010
df/dt+t: Time Delayed ROCOF
t
f
df/dt Setting
Start
Trip Pick up cycles
Time delay
MiCOM P341 ApplicationsG59 Protection Equipment