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WMATA Bus ITS Project UpdateTransit Signal Priority
Briefing to the Traffic Signals and Operations Working Group
April 21, 2005
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Presentation Outline
• Signal Systems Matrix• WMATA’s On-board Bus
Systems• Operational Concepts for TSP• Priority/Preemption Detection
Equipment• Feedback
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WMATA’s Goal for TSP Improve transit performance• Reduced delay at traffic signals
• - >> increases speed• - >> reduces person delay
• Reduced travel time variability • - >> improves on-time performance • - >> reduces bus bunching
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WMATA’s Challenges
• Significant challenges related to the extent of WMATA’s service area
• Integration of AVL system and technical requirements of ITS system
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WMATA’s Goal
* Move beyond regional demonstrations *• Washington DC
• Under design• Montgomery County, MD
• Centralized Priority System• Discontinued
• Fairfax County, VA• Distributed System• Operational
• Arlington County, VA• Distributed System• Operational testing
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Resolution #1Implementation requires cooperation
• Signal system must be able to handle a requestResponsibility of the traffic agency
• Buses need to be equipped with technology to submit a request;
• Scheduling needs to take advantage of priority Responsibilities of the transit agency
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WMATA’s Directive• Develop a system of Conditional Priority• Priority requests tie to specific conditions
• Schedule Adherence, Location, etc
• Requires integrated systems on-board the bus
• Not just better for Transit, more palatable for traffic agencies
• Develop a system that can operate across jurisdictions
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On-Board Bus Systems – Orbital AVL
• GPS based system• Communication via
radio • 2 minute poll rate• Montgomery
County Lesson Learned
• Future integration into scheduling system
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On-Board Bus Systems – Clever Devices IVN
• Uses GPS • Requires operator
sign-on• Provides:• Destination signs• Voice annunciation• Vehicle monitoring• Automated Passenger
Counters
• Communicates with garage wirelessly within 1,000 feet
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On-Board Bus Systems – Farebox
• Communicates with garage with infrared
• Not integrated with other systems
• Can use current ridership data to improve TSP
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Resolution #2: Procurement Needs to Consider ITS
• Stovepipe approach to procurement
• Agency suffered without an ITS architecture • No consensus related
to use of existing devices for new functionalities
• No integration between new and old devices
• No recognition of standards that could reduce proprietary nature of systems
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On-Board Bus Systems - Issues
• Multiple operator sign-on
• Multiple GPS systems
• Systems not integrated
• Not sharing data
• Not integrated to schedule
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Concept of OperationsAlternative #1
• Smart Bus • Example -
Portland, OR• AVL and schedule
is integrated on bus
• Bus requests priority at local controller
• Priority Granted at local controller
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• Simple Request• Example - King
County, WA• AVL and schedule
not integrated on bus
• Local controller contains schedule information
• Local controller detects bus and grants priority
Concept of OperationsAlternative #2
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• Centralized • Example - Los
Angeles, CA• Transit Management
Center and Traffic Management Center are connected
• Decisions to grant priority are granted by the Traffic Management Center
Concept of OperationsAlternative #3
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Next Steps for WMATA
• Bus ITS plan• Integration of on-board systems• Implement a proof-of-concept
• Concept of Operation for TSP• Recommend preferred alternative• Develop a proof-of-concept• Test and evaluate proof-of-concept
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Resolution #3Standards based approach
• Utilize NTCIP 1211 Standard to direct TSP planning for WMATA • Isolate and identify the various signal
improvements necessary within the jurisdictions
• Provide fair and equitable investment for the regional partners• Upgrade regional signal systems• Include other local transit agencies
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Transit Signal Priority System Components
1. Support Systems / Management Centers• AVL Technology
2. Traffic Signal Systems 3. Bus Detection • Other users (emergency vehicle, other)
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Transit Signal Priority System Components
• Support Systems / Management Centers• AVL Technology
• Traffic Signal Systems 3. Bus Detection • Other users (emergency vehicle, other)
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Bus Detection System
• Various technology alternatives based on system architecture • Optical detector• Wayside reader• Inductive loop• AVL-based • Other
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Optical Detection System
• Common detection with emergency vehicle system
• Detection range is easy to change
• “Simple” request
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Wayside Detection SystemTag
Antenna
TPR Generator
Tag Interface Unit for Dynamic
MessageMore Equipment, Improved Range
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NTCIP 1211 Standard Bus Detection
• Suggests message should be broader than simple request
• Message could include:• Estimated time to arrival (ETA)• Status (lateness)• Updated ETA• Class of vehicle (level of priority)• Other information used to make
strategic decisions
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Key Questions to AskBus Detection System
• Do we want one detection system regardless of cost?
• Where do we put the detection system, or
• Does the bus know when to request priority or is that understood at the traffic signal?
• Maintenance and responsibility issues• Reliability and latency of messages• Extent of reliance on communications
• What interface do we want with the bus driver?
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Questions