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Work
Chapter 15 Section 4
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Objectives
• Identify 6 simple machines• Explain how the machine work• Explain the difference between
classes of levers• Describe how pulleys work
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Simple Machines
• An instrument that makes machines work easier
• Simple machines are divided into two categories
• Lever family• Inclined Plane family
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Lever Family
• Simple Lever
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Lever Family
• Pulley
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Lever Family
• Wheel and Axle
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Levers
• All levers have a rigid arm that Pivots or turns around this point. This point is called the fulcrum
• There are three classes of levers: first class, second class and third class.
• Levers are placed in these categories by the input, output and where the fulcrum is located.
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Levers
• First Class: Hammer taking out a nail• The MA depends on where the fulcrum is located .
The fulcrum is between the input and output force
• Second Class: Wheelbarrow• The output force is between the fulcrum and the
input force. These levers multiply force, so MA is greater than 1
• Third Class: Forearm of a person• These levers multiply distance, so the MA is less than 1.
The input is located between the fulcrum and the output force.
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Levers
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Pulley
• Two types: Fixed pulley and moveable pulley
• Fixed Pulley: Has a MA of 1 which means it just changes the direction of the force.
• Movable pulley: has a MA of greater than 1.
• You can combine fixed and moveable pulley to have a great MA
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Pulley
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Wheel and Axle
• Made of lever and pulley connected to an axle.
• When a small input turns the wheel, the output is multiplied.
• This is because the axle is smaller than the wheel, so less distance is covered.
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Wheel and Axle