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WORK PACKAGE 5WORK PACKAGE 5
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTBIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
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PROCESSES / EQUIPMENTS
C - Composting plant
Tube – Tube (Dano type)
AD - Anaerobic digestion plant (?)
MWS – Mixed waste sppliting plant
MT - Mechanical treatment
PT - Post-treatment
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Composting (C)
Biological process for the treatment of the biodegradable fraction of waste, based essentially on the action of an aerobic
microbial population. The material should pass through a thermophilic phase, where
there is a high release of CO2, water and heat.
In the end, the process should lead to the production of stabilised organic matter
(compost).
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Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
Biological process for the treatment of the biodegradable fraction of waste, based on the action of an anaerobic microbial population.
Organic matter is stabilised and biogas, which contains high concentrations of CO2 and CH4,
is produced. The AD process is usually followed by a C process for maturation
purposes.
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Inputs
- Mixed waste- Biowaste SC- Organic waste CP- Organic waste CO- Fraction for BT from MWS plants- Air *- Water- Supplies (Energy)
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Outputs
- Compost
- Digestate
- Rejected materials
- Off gas - (CO2, CH4, H2O, NH3, NOx, H2S)
- Leachate
- Energy
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Destinies for Outputs
1. Compost (C) - Agriculture
- Other uses (final landfill cover, landscape restoration in old and disused quarries and mines, anti-noise barriers, road construction, golf courses, ski slopes, football pitches)
- Landfilling
- Incineration (?)
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2. Digestate (AD) - Agriculture
- Composting
3. Rejected materials - Recycling
- Landfilling
- Incineration
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4. Off gas: C - Biofilters environment
AD - Burnt (energy recovery or not)
environment
5. Leachate (C) - WWTP environment
- Recirculated
6. Energy (AD) - TIBS
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CASE STUDIES
1. INPUT MATERIALS- MSW- Biowaste- Green waste (?)
2. COMPOSTING PLANTS - Koch- Siloda
3. TUBE - BRS
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4. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT ???
5. MECHANICAL TREATMENT/ WASTE SPLITTING- Trommel- Overband- Selector conveyor (after tube)
6. POST TREATMENT
- Trommel- Selector conveyor- Densimetric table
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CASE STUDIES CONFIGURATION
1. MSW MWS C PT
Rejected materials
2. MSW Tube MT C PT
Rejected materials
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OR
3. BIOWASTE C PT
4. BIOWASTE AD C PT
5. MSW MWS AD C PT
Rejected materials
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MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSES TO BE CARRIED OUT
1. Dry Modecom Procedure
2. Measurements in situ (composting park)
- temperature- O2, CO2 and CH4
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3. Composting material and final compost
- moisture- volatile solids (organic matter)- inerts- heavy metals- synthetic and non-synthetic organic
matter- total N - SOUR
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4. Final compost
- self-heating test- phytotoxicity assay (germination
test)- Salmonella, E.coli- P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, pH, electrical
conductivity, humic compounds
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CASE STUDY ALREADY PERFORMED
Tratolixo Plant
1. MSW MWS C PT
Rejected materials
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TRATOLIXO
MSW MWS C PT Compost
Rejected materials: - > 80 mm - Cardboard - Ferrous metals - Monsters
Rejected materials: - Heavy refuse - Light refuse - Coarse compost
Water
Respiration loss: CO2 + water
Fraction for composting
Leachate + water
Water Water
Composted material
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MSW 2 TROMMEL SIEVES 120 mm
2 TROMMEL SIEVES 80 mm
1
4 (>120 mm)
3 (<120 mm)
ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION (2 OVERBANDS)
8 (80 mm to 120 mm)
7 (Ferrous Metals)
10 (<80 mm)
6
LANDFILL
5 (Cardboard)
MANNUAL SORT
RECYCLING
9 (> 80 mm)
2 (Monsters) LANDFILL
FRACTION FOR COMPOSTING
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COMPOSTING PARK 10 + 1 weeks
out TROMMEL SIEVE in (20 x 40 mm) (8 x 20 mm)
DENSIMETRIC TABLE 1
FINE COMPOST
14 (> 20 x 40 mm) (Light refuse)
16 (Heavy refuse)
12 (20x40 to 8x20 mm)
15
11 (Composted material)
LANDFILL
DENSIMETRIC TABLES 2 & 3
13 (<8x20 mm)
LANDFILL
Air
Water
Off gas
Leachate BIOFILTERS
WWTP
Sewer
Atmosphere
17 (Coarse compost)
FRACTION FOR COMPOSTING
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MSW 2 TROMMEL SIEVES 120 mm
2 TROMMEL SIEVES 80 mm
1
4 (>120 mm)
3 (<120 mm)
ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION (2 OVERBANDS)
COMPOSTING PARK 10 + 1 weeks
out TROMMEL SIEVE in (20 x 40 mm) (8 x 20 mm)
DENSIMETRIC TABLE 1
FINE COMPOST
8 (80 mm to 120 mm)
7 (Ferrous Metals)
14 (> 20 x 40 mm) (Light refuse)
16 (Heavy refuse)
12 (20x40 to 8x20 mm)
15
10 (<80 mm)
11 (Composted material)
6
LANDFILL
LANDFILL
DENSIMETRIC TABLES 2 & 3
13 (<8x20 mm)
LANDFILL
5 (Cardboard)
MANNUAL SORT
RECYCLING
Air
Water
Off gas
Leachate
BIOFILTERS
WWTP
Sewer
Atmosphere
9 (> 80 mm)
17 (Coarse compost)
2 (Monsters) LANDFILL
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MSW 2 TROMMEL SIEVES 120 mm
2 TROMMEL SIEVES 80 mm
1
4 (>120 mm)
3 (<120 mm)
ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION (2 OVERBANDS)
COMPOSTING PARK 10 + 1 weeks
out TROMMEL SIEVE in (20 x 40 mm) (8 x 20 mm)
DENSIMETRIC TABLE 1
FINE COMPOST
8 (80 to 120 mm)
7 (Ferrous Metals)
14 (> 20 x 40 mm) (Light refuse)
16 (Heavy refuse)
12 (20x40 to 8x20 mm)
15
10 (<80 mm)
11 (Composted material)
6
LANDFILL
LANDFILL
DENSIMETRIC TABLES 2 & 3
13 (<8x20 mm)
LANDFILL
5 (Cardboard)
MANNUAL SORT
RECYCLING
Air
Water
Off gas
Leachate
BIOFILTERS
WWTP
Sewer
Atmosphere
9 (> 80 mm)
17 (Coarse compost)
2 (Monsters) LANDFILL
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WET MATTER BALANCE - FLUXES
MSW MWS C PT Compost 183 kg/inh/yr 9,42 kg/inh/yr
Rejected materials: - > 80 mm: 96,6 kg/inh/yr - Cardboard: 0,431 kg/inh/yr - Ferrous metals: 1,21 kg/inh/yr - Monsters: 6,08 kg/inh/yr
Rejected materials: - Heavy refuse: 14,5 kg/inh/yr - Light refuse: 2,31 kg/inh/yr - Coarse compost: 4,07 kg/inh/yr
Water: 1,17 kg/inh/yr
CO2 + Water: 8,46 kg/inh/yr
Fraction for composting: 75,3 kg/inh/yr
Leachate + water: 36,4 kg/inh/yr
Water: 0,739 kg/inh/yr
Water: 3,29 kg/inh/yr
Composted material: 31,7 kg/inh/yr
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WET MATTER BALANCE - COEFFICIENTS
MSW MWS C PT Compost
Rejected materials Rejected materials
Water
CO2 + Water
Fraction for composting
Leachate + water Water Water
0,994
0,018 0,046 0,20 0,0040
0,0064
0,051 0,17 0,41
0,57 0,11
Composted material
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WET MATTER BALANCE - SUMMARY(values relative to total input of MSW)
FRACTION FLUX (%)
Refuse 67
0,90 Recovery of material
22 Total leachate + water loss
4,6 Loss in respiration
Recovery
Composting
Compost
33
5,2 Compost
TOTAL 100
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ORGANIC NON SYNTHETIC MATTER BALANCE - FLUXES
MSW MWS C PT Compost 46 kg/inh/yr 4,4 kg/inh/yr
Rejected materials: - > 80 mm: 28 kg/inh/yr - Cardboard: 0,30 kg/inh/yr - Ferrous metals: 0,043 kg/inh/yr - Monsters: 0,69 kg/inh/yr
Rejected materials: - Heavy refuse: 1,7 kg/inh/yr - Light refuse: 0,51 kg/inh/yr - Coarse compost: 1,9 kg/inh/yr
CO2 + Water: 8,6 kg/inh/yr
Fraction for composting: 17 kg/inh/yr
Composted material: 8,5 kg/inh/yr
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ORGANIC NON SYNTHETIC MATTER BALANCE - COEFFICIENTS
MSW MWS C PT Compost
Rejected materials Rejected materials CO2 + Water
Fraction for composting
1,0
0,19
0,096 0,18 0,37
0,63 0,089
Composted material
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NON SYNTHETIC ORGANIC MATTER BALANCE - SUMMARY
FRACTION FLUX (%) Refuse 71
0,74 Recovery of material
19 Loss in respiration
Recovery
Composting
Compost
29
9,6 Compost
TOTAL 100 50,2% of NSOM that entered the composting park was lost as
CO2 and H2O, due to respiration
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NEXT 6 MONTHS
1. Biowaste composting plant
2. Measurements for the Tratolixo composting park- in situ: temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide- SOUR
3. Study of individual equipments for MSW / MT and PT (3)