Download - Working Principles of Pumps
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Working Principlesof Pumps
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History of Reciprocating pumps
In 17th century Egyptians in Alexandria built reciprocating fire pump and and it had all the parts of today’s pump.
About 1805 Newcomen (Great Britain) built a reciprocating pump using steam engine as the driver.
He was the first man to use seam for driving purposes.
In 1840-50 Worthington (U.S.A) developed a steam engine driven pump.
Then many developments came.
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History of Centrifugal pumps pumps
The inventor ca not be name with assurance.
In the 17th century Jordan, an Italian had made some drawing of a centrifugal pumps.
In the early 18 century French physicist Papin built a centrifugal pump of primitive design.
In 1732 Demouir pumps was put on service in France,
In 1818 Andrews ( USA) built a single stage centrifugal pump.
Then many developments came in the industry...
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History of best pump
Human heart.
Everybody knows Who invented.
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100 Bar
200meters
M
Pumps are used to move liquids
•from a lower pressure system to higher pressure
•From a lower elevation to higher elevation
•From one place to another place at different/same elevation and pressure.
10 kms
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100 Bar
10 kms
200meters
M
Pumps add pressure energy to over come
elevation needs ( potential energy)
Frictional losses
Delta pressure requirements
Energy needed for pumps= volumetric flow*pressure
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Pow
er
req
uir
ed
for
pu
mp
ing
Power = mass X dynamic head
Power ( kW)= H Q
H = Total head in metersQ=Flow M3/H
Density ing
Power ( kW)= H Q
H = Total head in barAQ= Flow M3/H
Density ing
Please refer Perry
Pleased divide by efficiency for actual power
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How to give energy ?
Centrifugal force
(throwing)
Positive displacement
(physically pushing)
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Centrifugal pumps
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Working principles centrifugal pumps
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Parts of a centrifugal pump
1. Impeller
2. Casing
3. Eye
4. Seal/packing
5. Wear ring
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Ad
van
tag
es o
f ce
ntr
ifu
gal
pu
mp
s 1. It simple and easy to construct. Available in different materials .
2. Absence of valves. Less maintenance.
3. High rpm design. Can be coupled to a motor directly.
4. Steady delivery.
5. No damage in delivery is blocked.
6. Smaller in Size when compared to reciprocating type for the same capacity.
7. Can handle slurries.
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Dis
-Ad
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pu
mp
s
1. For high pressure we need multistage pump which are complex to construct.
2. Efficiency is high only over a range.( explain graph)
3. Usually not self priming
4. Non return valve is needed in the delivery to avoid back flow.
5. Very viscous fluid can not be handled/
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Types centrifugal pumps
Typical classification
• Single stage
• Multistage
Explain why and how
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Sin
gle
sta
ge
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Mu
lti
sta
ge
Multistage pumps are used to limit rpm and whenever we have high DP. Example BFW pumps.
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Thrust balance centrifugal pumps
1. Double suction pumps
2. Thrust balance in multistage pumps
Stage arrangement
3. Thrust balance line and thrust disk and bearing
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Double suction pumps
Sea water
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Double suction pumps 323-J UREA
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Multistage pumps
Thrust balance in a multi-stage pump
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Multistage BFW Pump Ammonia
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Multistage pumps
Thrust balance in a multi-stage pumpExplain the principle of balance disc
Thrust balance line and caution
In Out
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Multistage pump
Explain thrust balance
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Positive displacement pumps
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Positive displacement pumps
• Reciprocating
• Rotary
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Reciprocating Pumps
• Piston type
Vertical& Horizontal & double acting
• Plunger type
• Diaphragm pump
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Reciprocating pumps
Explain double acting, plunger type , vertical, horizontal,
multistage
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Diaphragm pumps
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Diaphragm pumps
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Diaphragm Reciprocating pumps
Basic principle is similar to a reciprocating plunger pump/
Plunger pressurizes the hydraulic oil which when pressurized pushes the diaphragm and discharge starts.
Stroke length can be adjusted and hence the dosing flow rate.
No direct contact of plunger with the solution.
Direct contact is only with diaphragm ( neoprene, Teflon etc)
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Dia
phra
gm R
ecip
roca
ting
pum
psFigure 1: The air valve directs pressurized air to the back side of diaphragm "A". The compressed air is applied directly to the liquid column separated by elastomeric diaphragms.
The compressed air moves the diaphragm away from the center block of the pump. The opposite diaphragm is pulled in by the shaft connected to the pressurized diaphragm. Diaphragm "B" is now on its air exhaust stroke; air behind the diaphragm has been forced out to atmosphere through the exhaust port of the pump. The movement of diaphragm "B" toward the center block of the pump creates a vacuum within the chamber "B". Atmospheric pressure forces fluid into the inlet manifold forcing the inlet ball off its seat. Liquid is free to move past the inlet valve ball and fill the liquid chamber.
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Dia
phra
gm R
ecip
roca
ting
pum
psFigure 2: When the pressurized diaphragm, diaphragm"A", reaches the limit of its discharge stroke, the air valve redirects pressurized air to the back side of diaphragm "B". The pressurized air forces diaphragm "B" away from the center block while pulling diaphragm "A" to the center block. Diaphragm "B" forces the inlet valve ball onto its seat due to the hydraulic forces developed. These same hydraulic forces lift the discharge valve ball, forcing fluid flow to flow through the pump discharge. The movement of diaphragm "A" to the center block of the pump creates a vacuum within liquid chamber "A". Atmospheric pressure forces fluid into the inlet manifold of the pump. The inlet valve ball is forced off its seat allowing the fluid being transferred to fill the liquid chamber.
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Diaphragm Reciprocating pumps
Figure 3: Upon completion of the stroke, the air valve again redirects air to the back side of diaphragm "A", and
starts diaphragm "B" on its air exhaust stroke. As the pump reaches its original starting point, each diaphragm
has gone through one air exhaust or one fluid discharge stroke. This
constitutes one complete pumping cycle. The pump may take several
cycles to become completely primed depending on the conditions of the
application.
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Gear and screw pumps
•High pressure and viscous fluids
•Used in Samd for lube and seal oil pumps air booster of ammonia, 102-J
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Gear pumps
•High pressure and viscous fluids
Example : lube/ seal oil pumps
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See the solution is pushed out of the pump physically
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Only one gear is used ( Explain)
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Screw pumps•High pressure and viscous fluids
Example : lube/ seal oil pumps
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SCREW PUMP
Talk about selection, parallel operation, reverse running etc.
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SCREW PUMP
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SCREW PUMP
Talk about selection, parallel operation, reverse running etc.
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SCREW PUMP
Talk about selection, parallel operation, reverse running etc.
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Sealing in pumps
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Sealing in pumps
Fixed sealing – Packing
Centrifugal and reciprocating
Rotating – Mechanical seal
Centrifugal, gear pumps etc
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Gland Packing
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Impe
ller
Stuffing box
Gla
nd
pac
kin
g p
rin
cip
les
Explain packing stuffing box , heat generation and cooling techniques. , Lantern rings ,flushing ,Cost and choice etc.
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Pac
king
Explain packing stuffing box , heat generation and cooling techniques. , Lantern rings ,flushing ,Cost and choice etc.
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Pac
king
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Mechanical seal
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Impe
ller
1
2
3
FixedRotating
Three sealing points of a mechanical seal ( 1,2, and 3)
Stuffing box
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Mechanical seals
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Mechanical seals
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Mechanical seals
Explain working , heat generation and cooling techniques, flushing ,Cost and choice etc.
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Mechanical seals
Seal types
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Mechanical seals
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Mechanical seals
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Dou
ble
sea
ls –
Haz
ard
ous
liq
uid
s
Explain need, sealant glycol, flushing etc.
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Special Magnetic seals for hazardous/ expensive / corrosive fluids
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Submersible pumps
Self-priming as they are inside the liquid.Lube oil consoles , sump tanks, hazardous solution pumping etc.