Loyalty to one’s state, region, or locality as opposed to a national orientation
Emphasis on protecting local economic and social interests
Seek control of the federal government to foster sectional interests
Especially strong in the South
2
Northeast – the states of New England / Middle Atlantic region – industrializing region – textiles, leather goods, iron manufacturing, machinery – new factory system of production
West – central and northwestern states / territories - small farms –food crops for home and larger market
South – southern states / the Cotton South – plantations, exporter of cash crops – “King Cotton” – Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionizes cotton processing technique –expansion of cotton production and slavery
3
Protective Tariff Second Bank of the United States Internal Improvements Land Policy Territorial Expansion Expansion of Slavery The Meaning of the Constitution States Rights v. Federalism
4
1816 - first protective tariff 1824 - South fails to stop increased tariff“Tariff of Abominations” – 1828South Carolina Exposition and Protest
(1828)Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)Nullification Crisis: Jackson v South CarolinaCompromise Tariff of 1833
5
Defense of the doctrine of States’ Rights
Sovereignty of the individual states
Limited power of the central (federal) government
7
Created by the People
Constitutional issues to be settled by the Supreme Court not an individual state
No right to nullification and secession
8
Created by Congress, 1816
Modeled on Bank of England
Private corporation Stock – private investors
and federal government Depository - private and
federal money - Issued federal banknotes
Provide loans Dividends - Northeastern
and foreign investors Restricted private / state
banks (“wildcat banks”) Controlled inflation North supports / West and
South opposes bank
9
Jackson opposes the bank Considered it unconstitutional Withdraws federal funds Vetoes bank recharter bill Jackson v Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Nicholas
Biddle Election of 1832 issue Specie Circular 1836 / Panic of 1837 Independent Treasury Act Election of 1840
11
Distrust of the federal government – (Tea Party?)
Seen by Jackson and “common man” as a victory over special privilege (Joe the Plumber v the elite?)
No central banking system until Federal Reserve (1913)
13