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WP6: Perception of changes by populations and adaptation
Centre for Himalayan Studies
Olivia AubriotJoëlle Smadja
Ornella Puschiasis (Ph D student)
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Objectives:
To study the socio-economic impact of climate change, its consequences on water availability & population practices
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Impact of variability of water availability on practices: studied in the three main landscape units
Study areas
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Geographical units Origin of water
Meltingof glaciers
Melting of snow
Rain
Springstorms
Monsoon
High mountains x x (x) (x)
Middle mountains x xx xxx
Low mountains or hills (x) xxx
Terai plain areas drained by rivers flowing - from the high chain
x x (x) xxx - from the Mahabharat (x) xxx
Table: Hydrological resources in the four geographical units of Nepal
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High mountain case study: Pangboche and his territory
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Middle mountain: Kharekhola-Jhubing
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* Main economic activities are/ were – Cattle husbandry– Agriculture
* Many changes occured during the last 20-30 years : - Tourism
- Sagarmatha National Park- Lukla Airport- Water supply and hydro-electricity plants– Vegetable production (water consuming)– Political changes
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Water mill supplied by the melting of a glacier+ melting of the snow
Water use
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Hydro-electricity
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Mills, pipes, fountains, sprinklers…
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Water collected from other side of the river
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The « kharka » : upland grazing area with a shelter + an enclosured field to produce fodder (not ploughed but receive manure)
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The Koshi area
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Flooded area in feb. 2010
Canal not completed
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Changing course of the Koshi (120 km in 200 years)
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3 main changes within the last 50 years in the Eastern part of the Koshi :
1. Clearing of the forest quite recent
US Army maps 1962 (western part) & 1959 (eastern)
Casestudies
2. Massive migration from the hills from the end of the 1960s -1970s
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Inside the Koshi area:Grazing area
Serves as a road
3. Hydraulic infrastructures:
a. Koshi embankment (1964)
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b. Canal irrigation systems from Koshi -Sunsari Morang Irrigation System= 61 000 ha, the largest of Nepal (1964 + 1978-2002)- Western koshi canal (1986). In Nepal : 13 800 ha lift irrigation and 13 100 ha canal
irrigation
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Koshi water divertedin Chatara
Looking towards North
Looking towards South
Canal gates viewed from other bank
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East canal gatesWest canal from dam
c. KOSHI BARRAGE(1959-1965)
OnlyFor India
27000 haIn Nepal
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THANK YOU