Download - X Bio I Final Exam Review rev 2013
FINAL EXAM REVIEW X Biology I, Mr. Doc Miller North Central High School
Name: _________________________ Period: __________ Seat #: __________ Date: __________
NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDY GUIDE
X Biology I
FINAL EXAM
Additional resources available at www.mrdocsonlinelab.com
Grade Chart: (For Teacher Use Only) Section Assignment Score (ü or x) Points (Out of)
1 1-1 Introduction to Biology
2 1-2 Biochemistry
3 1-3 Cell Structure & Function
4 1-4 Cell Energy
5 1-5 Information Transfer & Mitosis
6 1-6 Meiosis & Genetics
8 Final Exam Essay Practice
REPLACE-A-GRADE TOTAL
50 Replaced Assignment:
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REVIEW: 1-1 Intro to Biology 1. Define Biology: 2. List and describe the basic characteristics of living organisms.
Characteristic Definition
3. Using the above list, identify which characteristic is described by each of the statements below. _________________________ A runner eats a spaghetti dinner the night before a big race _________________________ Birds fly south for the winter
_________________________ A bacterium divides to form two bacteria
_________________________ Muscles made of individual units, which allow the muscle to work.
_________________________ A tadpole gradually changes into a frog
_________________________ A lizard sleeps in the sun 4. List the steps of the scientific method in order.
1. _________________________ 2. _________________________
3. _________________________ 4. _________________________ 5. _________________________ 6. _________________________ 5. What is a hypothesis?
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6. What is data? 7. What is an experiment? 8. Define these terms.
CONTROL:
VARIABLE:
9. What are the two different types of groups in an experiment? 10. Look at the lab about microscopes. Be able to identify the following structures and their functions.
11.
STRUCTURE LETTER FUNCTION Eyepiece
Body tube
Arm
Scanning Objective
High power objective
Low power objective
Stage
Diaphragm
Light
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Stage Clips
Base
Rotating Nose Piece
A
B
C
D
E F
G
H
I J
K
L
M
N
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11. Determine the magnification of the following microscopes. Eyepiece Magnification Objective Magnification Total Magnification
5X 10X 10X 150X 10X 43X 10X 530X
12. Describe the proper way to carry a microscope.
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REVIEW: 1-2 Biochemistry 1. List from smallest to largest, the following substances: element, atom, macromolecule, molecule,
compound 2. Identify the five main elements found in a living organism.
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
3. Which of these elements is in every living organism and is the basis for life as we know it on earth?
4. Define and give an example of the 2 main types of chemical bonds.
5. Not all compounds in a living organism are organic. What is the most common, and inorganic molecule to living organisms?
6. There are four categories of organic molecules in living organisms. Fill-in the blanks in the chart. ESSENTIAL COMPOUND
MONOMERS POLYMERS FUNCTION(S)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
7. Define enzyme and describe its function using a series of diagrams.
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REVIEW: 1-3 Cell Structure & Function 1. List the 3 parts of the “Cell Theory”.
I: II: III: 2. Complete the following chart with function of common organelles.
Organelle Function Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Flagellum/Cillia
Chloroplast
3. List three (3) similarities and three (3) differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Similarities:
Differences:
4. List three (3) similarities and three (3) differences between plant cells and animal cells. Similarities:
Differences:
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5. Describe the term "semi-permeable" (or "selectively-permeable) membrane. Why is it important? 6. Define osmosis. 7. Define diffusion. 8. List two (2) similarities and two (2) differences between passive transport and active transport.
Similarities:
Differences: 9. List two (2) types of passive transport and two (2) types of active transport. Passive Transport: Active Transport: 10. For the following diagrams, draw arrows that show the direction that water diffuses (concentration
gradient) through the membrane. Label the beaker and cell in each diagram as either hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
Beaker =
100% Water
Beaker D
Cell =
20%
Beaker = 60% Water
Beaker A
Cell =
80%
Beaker = 90% Water
Beaker B
Cell =
40%
Beaker = 50% Water
Beaker C
Cell =
50%
Beaker: Cell:
Beaker: Cell:
Beaker: Cell:
Beaker: Cell:
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REVIEW: 1-4 Cellular Energy 1. Write out the chemical equation for photosynthesis. 2. Write out the chemical equation for cellular respiration. 3. Describe the process of photosynthesis using the following terms (underline them as they appear in
your answer: photosynthesis, sunlight, glucose, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen (O2), autotrophs, chloroplast, pigment, chlorophyll.
4. Describe the process of cellular respiration using the following terms (underline them as they appear in
your answer: cellular respiration, glucose, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen (O2), autotrophs, heterotrophs, mitochondria, ATP, 46, anaerobic, aerobic.
5. Explain why photosynthesis and cellular respiration are often referred to as a cycle. 6. What is ATP and why is it important to all living things?
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REVIEW: 1-5 Information Transfer & Mitosis 1. What were the names of the people who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule and what term did
they use to describe it? 2. Complete the base pair charts for DNA to DNA, DNA to mRNA, and mRNA to tRNA below:
DNA DNA (Copy) DNA mRNA mRNA tRNA A T C G
3. Complete the char below by filling in the function and location of each nucleic acid:
Nucleic Acid Function DNA
mRNA
tRNA
4. Describe the process of transcription. 5. Describe the process of translation.
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6. Label the following diagram using the following terms: amino acid, protein chain, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, codon, anti-codon.
7. Complete the following chart using a codon wheel to determine the amino sequence.
DNA Code mRNA code tRNA code Amino Acid AGT GGG AAT CTT ATA GCT
8. Compare the DNA strands in the diagram below, determine what type of mutation has occurred, explain
what that means and classify it as either a point or frameshift mutation. DNA STRANDS
(ORIGNIAL/MUTATION) TYPE OF MUTATION DESCRIPTION
A-C-G-T-A-G-G-C-T-A-G-T-G-A-A
A-C-G-T-A-G-G-G-C-T-A-G-T-G-A
A-C-G-T-A-G-G-C-T-A-G-T-G-A-A
A-C-G-T-A-G-G-C-A-G-T-G-A-A-T A-C-G-T-A-G-G-C-T-A-G-T-G-A-A
A-C-G-T-A-G-G-C-T-A-T-T-G-A-A
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9. Describe the process DNA Replication. 10. Define the term mitosis. 11. Use the chart below to list the steps of mitosis, draw what a cell in mitosis would look like, and
describe what is happening at that phase. Phase Diagram (Drawing) What is happening
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REVIEW 1-6: Meiosis & Genetics 1. How are end results of mitosis and meiosis different? 2. What is the difference between diploid and haploid? 3. How do the cells formed as a result of meiosis compare to the original cell? 4. List three (3) similarities and three (3) differences between cells produced by mitosis and cells
produced by meiosis. (Give an example of each.) Similarities: Differences: 5. Explain how the following processes lead to genetic variations in offspring produced by sexual
reproduction. PROCESS DESCRIPTION/HOW IT CAUSES GENETIC VARATION
Crossing Over
Independent Assortment
Random
Fertilization
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Original Body Cell
(a) after mitosis (b) after meiosis (both possible
answers)
(c) after nondisjunction of the “grey” chromosome
6. Using the diagram to the right, draw cells that would result from the following:
7. Use the chart below to list the steps of meiosis, draw what a cell in meiosis would look like,
and describe what is happening at that phase. PHASE DIAGRAM (DRAWING) WHAT IS HAPPENING
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8. Explain why Gregor Mendel is considered the “Father of Genetics”, and what contributions he made to the field.
9. Explain the Law of Independent Assortment and why it is important. 10. Explain the Law of Segregation and why it is important. 11. Explain what is meant by each genotype (allele combination), list how you would represent the
genotype in a Punnett square (letters), and describe the phenotype that results from it. GENOTYPE DESCRIPTION
(Dominant or Recessive Alleles) LETTERS (Use G)
PHENOTYPE (Dom. Or Rec. Trait)
Homozygous Dominant
Homozygous Recessive
Heterozygous
12. Explain why the inheritance pattern of sex-linked traits differs from autosomal traits. Which sex
chromosomes are most sex-linked traits carried on?
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13. Explain what is meant by each inheritance pattern, describe the phenotype that results from it and provide a specific example.
INHERITANCE PATTERN
DESCRIPTION ACTUAL EXAMPLE
Codominace
Incomplete Dominance
Multiple Allelic Traits
Polygenic Traits
14. Compete the following Punnett squares and calculate the probabilities of each genotype and
phenotype.
(a) Mom is homozygous dominant for her widow’s peak (hairline), but dad does not have a widow’s peak (Use the letter H.)
Genotypes: Probability (fraction and %): Phenotypes: Probability (fraction and %): (b) Mom is heterozygous for her ability to curl her tongue (T), but dad cannot
curl his tongue. Genotypes: Probability (fraction and %): Phenotypes: Probability (fraction and %):
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15. Use the pedigree to the right to answer the following questions about this sex-linked trait: (a) Label each of the individuals in the pedigree with its genotype (if more than one is possible, list all). (b) Why do more males have the disease than females? (c) Why can a female be a carrier, but a male cannot? (d) What is the probability of couple 6/7 having another boy? (e) What is the probability of couple 3/4 having a boy who does not have the disease? (f) If person 5 wants to make sure that none of her children have the disease, what type of mate would she need to marry?
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REVIEW: Final Exam Essays Instructions: Write a response to each question that follows. Be sure to address all parts of the question and answer in complete sentence/paragraph format. 1. Cells that perform a certain function must have a specific shape or form. Macromolecules,
such as protein, will no longer function properly if their shape changes. Why is shape important when it comes to the function of cells and molecules?
2. Explain why photosynthesis and cellular respiration are consider as a cycle using no less than
8 key vocabulary terms (underline and explain them as they appear in your answer.)
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3. There are 2 main classifications of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Give an example of a prokaryote and a eukaryote. List and describe 2 structures/functions that they have in common and that are different.
4. Explain why it is important for scientists to use strict controls in experiments and predict what
could happen if they did not.