![Page 1: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Year 11 Psychology –
UNIT 1 Area of Study 1
Revision!
![Page 2: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Psychology: The scientific
study of human
behaviour and mental
processes
![Page 3: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter 1: Introduction to
Psychology• Scope of psychology including specialist career fields and fields of application and their contribution to understanding human behaviour
• Classic and contemporary theories that have contributed to the development of psychology from philosophical beginnings to an empirical science, including the relationship between psychology and psychiatry
• Differences between contemporary psychological research methods and non-scientific approaches to investigating and explaining human behaviour
• Major perspectives (biological, behavioural, cognitive and socio-cultural) that govern how psychologists approach their research into human behaviour
![Page 4: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chapter 2: Research Methods
• Research methods and ethics associated with the study of
psychology.
Experimental research: construction of hypotheses; identification
of independent, dependent and extraneous variables
Ethical principles and professional conduct: the role of the
experimenter; protection and security of participants’ rights;
confidentiality; voluntary participation; withdrawal rights;
informed consent procedures; use of deception in research;
debriefing
![Page 5: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chapter 3: Visual Perception
• Application of psychological perspectives to explain
visual perception:
- Characteristics of the visual perceptual system
and the visual processes involved in detecting and
interpreting visual stimuli.
- The effect of psychological factors on perceptual
set
- Distortions of visual perceptions by illusions
![Page 6: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology- Clinical Psychology- Clinical Neuro-Psychology- Community Psychology - Counselling Psychology- Educational and
Developmental Psychology- Forensic Psychology- Health Psychology- Organisational Psychology- Sport Psychology- Biological Psychology
- Cognitive Psychology- Personality Psychology- Social Psychology
![Page 7: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Philosophical Roots of Psychology• 1St Philosophers: Plato, Aristotle and Socrates.
• Greek philosophers proposed the mind-body problem (E.g. Do they have a relationship with one another? How do they interact? Is the mind apart of the body or body apart of the mind? Etc)
• Rene Descartes introduced Dualism where he concluded the mind and body both can control and interact with one another. Before this, philosophers thought they could not control one another.
• Psychologists today focus more on the mind-brain problem.• As we know the brain controls the body, therefore: does our
brain interact with our mind?• Neuropsychologists are still studying these answers
![Page 8: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVES AND THEORIES IN PSYCHOLOGY
Structuralism-Wundt: Focused on the ‘structure’ of consciousness (1st Psych Lab – 1879)
Functionalism- James: Focused on the ‘functions’ of mental processes in different environments.
Psychoanalysis- Freud: Focus on the unconscious thoughts, feelings and inner needs.
Behaviourism – Watson: Focus on observable behaviours. (i.e. Changing environment can alter behaviour)
Humanism – Rogers: Focus on the uniqueness and goodness of each individual
![Page 9: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES AND THEORIES IN PSYCHOLOGY
• Biological Perspective: Focus on physiological factors
• Behavioural Perspective: Focus on observable behaviour in different environments
• Cognitive Perspective: Focus on how we acquire and process information (i.e Memory)
• Socio-Cultural Perspective: Focus how culture and social factors influence behaviour.
![Page 10: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Psychology versus Psychiatry
- Is not able to prescribe medication
- 6 years university study
- Can work in private practices, schools, research labs, government bodies, hospitals, businesses etc
-Can prescribe medication
- Up to 13 years of study and training
- Usually work in a hospital setting
![Page 11: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Psychology as a Science
• Collects empirical evidence
• Conducts experimental research follows steps of scientific research.
• Is NOT a pseudoscience such as telepathy or astrology.
![Page 12: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chapter 2: Research Methods
- Hypothesis:It is hypothesised that all
Year 11’s will do wonderfully on their psychology SAC’s
tomorrow.
![Page 13: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7 Steps of Psychological Research1. Identification of the research problem
2. Construction of hypothesis
3. Designing the method
4. Collecting the data
5. Analysing the data
6. Interpreting the data
7. Reporting the research findings
![Page 15: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ethical Considerations
![Page 16: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ethical Considerations
![Page 17: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ethical Considerations
![Page 18: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Chapter 3: Visual Perception
![Page 19: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Visual Perception Process• VISUAL SENSATION => LIGHT =>EYE => RETINA =>
PHOTORECEPTORS => RECEPTION =>TRANSDUCTION => NEURAL ACTIVITY => ELECTRICAL
IMPLUSES
=>OPTIC NERVE => BRAIN => VISUAL CORTEX =>TRANSMISSION
• VISUAL PERCEPTION=> ORGANISATION => INTERPRETATION
![Page 20: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sensation versus Perception
• Visual sensation is the same for everyone
• It is our physiological make up of the eye and the way it functions
• Visual perception differs as everyone perceives and interprets things differently
• When studying Visual Perception it is difficult to say where one starts and the other begins so we see it as an interrelated process.
![Page 21: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES:Rules that we apply to visual information to assist our organisation and interpretation of
the information in a consistent and meaningful way.
• Gestalt Principles: The way in which we organise features of a visual scene by grouping them to perceive a whole, complete form.
• Figure-Ground organisation
• Closure
![Page 22: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
- Similarity -Proximity
![Page 23: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Depth Principles: The ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions.
-Binocular depth cues (Requiring the use of both eyes)-Convergence-Retinal Disparity.-Monocular depth cues (Requiring the use of one eye only)-Accommodation-Pictorial cues: Linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size, height in the visual field
![Page 24: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pictorial cues
![Page 25: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Interposition!
![Page 26: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Texture Gradient
![Page 27: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Relative size
![Page 28: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Height in the Visual Field
![Page 29: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
SIZE CONSTANCY
![Page 30: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SHAPE CONSTANCY
![Page 32: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BRIGHTNESS CONSTANCY
![Page 33: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Year 11 Psychology – UNIT 1 Area of Study 1 Revision!](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c735503460f9492503d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
PERCEPTUAL SET
CONTEXT
MOTIVATION
PAST EXPERIENCE
EMOTIONAL STATE
MOTIVATION