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Young People’s Attitudes Towards Unprotected Sex
and Pregnancy
Honor YoungPhD Student
University of Wales Institute, Cardiff
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Health Psychology
• Using psychological principles to promote changes in people's attitudes, behaviour and thinking about health (BPS, 2011)
• A persons’ attitudes, beliefs, motivation and intentions influence their behaviour (BPS, 2010)
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Attitudes towards Unprotected Sex and Pregnancy
• Past research– Costs and benefits of sexual intercourse and pregnancy
(Deptula et al., 2006; Herrman, 2008).– Motivation to avoid pregnancy (Brown and Guthrie,
2010; Jaccard et al, 2003) – Sex education and knowledge (Burack, 2000;
Stephenson, 2004)– Social context (Arai, 2007)
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The Theory of Planned Behaviour
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. 50, 179-211
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My PhD Research
• Phase 1: Conducted 5 in-depth pilot interviews
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Attitudes
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Perceived Behavioural Control
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Subjective Norms
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Perceived Behaviour of Important Others
“I dunno, just like the majority of my friends are either pregnant or they have got kids, like my mate,
she got two kids … when I meet new people they’re like ‘got any kids?’”
“I look at her, and when she had her baby, I must admit I did be like, I want a baby, because she was one of my friends and like one of my close friends”
Amy, age 16
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Important Others Approval of Behaviour
“Well my sister and my mum and that think I’m gunna have a baby before I’m 18. ‘Cos of the people I have around with, they’re the type of
people that you look at ‘em, and you think that they would like … Yeah, like the boy I’m with now, he’s like how come you haven’t got no kids now, ‘cos
he’s me my friends”
Amy, age 16
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Extent of Important Others Approval
“At first they were shocked. They umm, I suppose they didn’t, they weren’t really talking to me or
nothing, but then I give ‘em a couple of days like and they were fine then”
Sarah, Mother at 19
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Motivation to Comply
“If anything my mum kinda went on all the time about using protection. So if anything, I let my
mum down”
James, father at 18
He just told me everything about it [contraception] and like it’s just kinda like, I looked up to him like a brother and I didn’t wanna piss him off if you know
what I mean”
Dominic, age 17
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My PhD Research
• Phase 2: Questionnaires to adolescents (age 16-19 parents/non-parents)
• Phase 3: In depth interviews and focus groups
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Outcomes
• Identify recurrent themes/factors which motivate behaviour
• Inform the development of more focussed health-behaviour interventions targeting teenagers’ attitudes and beliefs
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Honor Young (PhD Student)
Supervisors: Dr Caroline Limbert,
Dr Jenny Mercer, Dr Katie Thirlaway
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References• Arai, l. (2007). Peer and neighbourhood influences on teenage pregnancy and
fertility. Qualitative findings from research in English communities. Health and Place. 13. 87-98
• Armitage, C. and Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta-analytic review. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 40: 471-499
• Bayley, J., Brown, K. and Wallace, L. (2009). Teenagers and emergency contraception in the UK: A focus group study of salient beliefs using concepts from the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 14(3): 196-206
• BPS (2011). Health Psychology. What is Health Psychology? Retrieved 20/1/11 (2011) http://www.bps.org.uk/careers/what-do-psychologists-do/areas/health.cfm#03
• BPS (2010). Response to the Department for Children, Schools and Families consultation: Teenage Pregnancy Strategy: Beyond 2010. 1 – 10.
• Brown, S. and Guthrie, K. (2010). Why don’t teenagers use contraception? A qualitative interview study. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 15. 197-204
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References Continued.• Burack, R. (2000). Young teenagers’ attitudes towards general practitioners and their
provision of sexual health care. British Journal of General Practice. 50. 550-554.
• Deptula, D., Henry, D., Shoeny, M. and Slavick, J. (2006). Adolescent sexual behaviour and attitudes: A costs and benefits approach. Journal of Adolescent Health. 38. 35-43
• Herrman, J. (2008). Adolescent perceptions of teen births. Journal of Obstetric, Gynaecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 37, 42-50.
• Jaccard, J., Dodge, T. and Dittus, P. (2003). Do adolescents want to avoid pregnancy? Attitutdes toward pregnancy as predictors of pregnancy. Journal of Adolescent Health. 33. 79-83.
• Reineck, J., Schmidt, P. and Aizen, I. (1996).. Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to adolescent condom use: A panel study. The Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 26 (9): 749-772
• Stephenson et al. (2004). Pupil-led sex education in England (RIPPLE study) cluster-randomised intervention trial. The Lancet. 364. 338-345