![Page 1: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Young railroad construction supervisor (1848)
• Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed
• Survived and recovered well
![Page 3: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Months later- startling changes in personality and mood
• Became extravagant, anti-social, foul mouthed, and a liar with bad manners
• “Gage was no longer Gage”• Died in 1861, penniless and epileptic• Part of brain he lost associated with
mental and emotional functions• Skull at Harvard medical museum
![Page 4: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Dr. Egas Moniz- Nobel prize in 1949 (first performed in 1936)
• Used to subdue aggressive behaviors (schizophrenia, mania)
• Doesn’t eliminate impulses just ability to act on them
• Used until about 1960
![Page 5: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Elderly music professor• Trouble recognizing
students• Couldn’t tell shoe from
foot• Pat parking meters as if
they were children• Tried to put wife’s head
on his (like a hat!)
• Describes random details of pictures, photos, people (could not see whole)
• Describe building on left side of park, unaware of right side (opposite when traveling opposite way)
• “verbal dreams”• Art moved from realism
to abstract
![Page 6: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Aphasia- inability to grasp words- focus on expression (cannot be lied to!)– Damage to left temporal region
• Total agnosia- expressive quality of voice disappears- focus on grammatical construction– Damage to right temporal region
• Laughter was due to President Reagan’s speech on TV
![Page 7: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Woman complained she couldn’t watch TV in her favorite chair
• Doctor assumed problem with vision
• Couldn’t sit there because dead Uncle William was there!
• Woman had Parkinson’s- medicine (L-dopa) was causing hallucinations
![Page 8: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• 24 yr. old male- Tourette syndrome
• Almost incapacitated by tics (every few seconds)
• High intelligence, witty, strong character
• Fired from dozens of jobs• Marriage in trouble due to
obscenities at inappropriate times
• Excellent drummer (loved jazz)
• Terrific ping pong player• Free from tics only when
asleep, swimming, singing (rhythmic)
• Given haldol to control tics (extremely sensitive to medication)
![Page 9: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Came back with black eye and broken nose (caught in revolving door as he darted in and out)
• Haldol only slowed tics- almost Parkinsonium
• Lost identity without tics
• Three months of preparation- retry haldol
• Now tic free and productive but DULL (even dreams dull)
• Final solution- haldol during week/ no haldol (“let fly”) during weekend
![Page 10: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Young man, nice “normal”
• Fell out of bed- refused to get back in
• Awoke from nap to find “severed leg in bed with him”
• Attempted to throw it out and it became attached to him
• Proprioception deficit- no “body sense”- body cannot “see”
![Page 11: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• 49 year old man • Vivid memory of
past up to 1945 (present was 1975)- thought he was 19 and war just ended
• No short term memory
• Korsakov’s syndrome- loss of mammillary bodies of brain due to alcoholism
![Page 12: Young railroad construction supervisor (1848) Accident propelled tamping rod through his skull at high speed Survived and recovered well](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032607/56649ebf5503460f94bc97bd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Natasha K. -89 years old
• Noticed “change”- more energetic, alive, frisky
• Had syphilis at 19 (in brothel)
• Neurosyphilis after 70 year interval
• Treated but brain effects permanent