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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Martin KlierSenior / Lead DBAKlug GmbH integrierte Systeme
Las Vegas, April 10th, 2014
YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship!? (#141)
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
•Introduction
•NUMA + Huge Pages
•Disk IO
•Concurrency
•Engineers to work together
Agenda
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
•Martin Klier (twitter: @MartinKlierDBA)
•Lead DBA for Oracle at Klug-IS
•Focus on Performance, Tuning and High Availability
•Linux since 1997, Oracle since 2003
•Email: [email protected]
•Weblog: http://www.usn-it.de
Speaker
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
•Klug GmbH integrierte Systeme (http://www.klug-is.de)92552 Teunz, GERMANY
•Specialist leading in complex intralogistical solutions
•Planning and design of automated intralogistics systems, focus on software and system control / PLC
•>300 successful major projects in Europe, America, Asia
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
iWACS®
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
•DOAG - Deutsche Oracle Anwendergruppe(German Oracle User's Group)
•Biggest Oracle Technology Conference in Europe (2,000+ attendees)
•Save the date: Nuremberg, November 18th - 21st 2014
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Server / CPU
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMACore(s)
+SharedCache, LLCCore(s)
+SharedCache, LLC
QPI-C
Core(s)+SharedCache, LLC
Core(s)+SharedCache, LLC
PCIePCIe
IMC IMCQPI-C
IMCQPI-CQPI-CIMC
NonUnifiedMemoryAccess
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA_enable_NUMA_support = TRUE
MOS Doc ID 864633.1
•Multiple Buffer Caches
•Striped pools
=> cross context :((
=> pool access :(
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA
26 GB
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA
13GB+13GB=26 GB
One buffer cache for each node
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA
•Partitioned access
•Can be up to 40% faster
•But....
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA
Non-NUMA with NUMA
With my workload and only one listener:Saved <1 page alloc miss per second ?
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA
26 GBFits into RAM of one node.OS NUMA optimization at work.
So WHY?
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMA
System Admin DBA Developer
Relevance-and-care chart
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
NUMASuggestions NUMA
•Useful in big environments only (think: DB consolidation)
•Make friends with the system admin,have a joint opinion
•Test thoroughly and quantify use vs. effort (think: bugs)
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Server / RAM
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
RAM
Shared Memory Segment
SmallOS
Pages
PMON
etc.
Server
OS Kernel managedAccess(permission check)
NewProcess
➔Grant permission➔Integrate in serializationstructures
Per page
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
RAMProblems
•Memory Fragmentation
•Wasting CPU with page alloc
•OS_THREAD_STARTUP waits
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Shared Memory Segment
OSPage
NewProcess
Large / HugeOS
Pages
FASTstartup
PMON
Server
FASTaccess
Huge Pages
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Alert Log
(17408-3164)*2048kB=28GB
Huge Pages
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
System Admin DBA Developer
Relevance-and-care chart
Huge Pages
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Suggestions Large/Huge Pages
•Useful with SGA >=16GB
•Use largest available & sane page size
•Talk your sysadmin into DOing IT
•Combine with PRE_PAGE_SGA=TRUE
Huge PagesHuge Pages
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Storage / SSD
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
SSDWords
Bits “Cell”
Block
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
SSD
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
SSD
16kB – 512kB pro Block
1.erase
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
SSD
16kB – 512kB pro Block
2.write
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
SSD
Types and Figures from 2009 - But the terrors are still intact. :)
120:60= *2
85:60= *1.4
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
SSD
8171 IOPSlike 60 HDDs
8k/16k blocks
80% write20% read
Samsung SSD 840 PRO
8k/16k blocks8k/16k blocks
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
System Admin DBA Developer
Relevance-and-care chart
SSD
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Suggestions
•Know your IO load profile (AWR, nmon)
•Use enterprise-level devices w/ Single Level Cell (SLC)
•SSDs require different lifecycle handlingin doubt, consider an array of HDDs of same IO power
SSD
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Concurrency
means collisions and serialization
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Occurrence
Concurrency
•Data Access (Row Lock, Block Header)
•Shared memory organization (Buffer / Library Cache etc.)
•CPU queueing
•Disk / Network IO ..........
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Concurrency
5
5
6
?
7
?
X
State B
Protectedor limitedresource Delayed
State A
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Row Lock
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Block/Buffer
Header
Row Space
Free Space
===========================================================================
=============================================
ITLentry
Row
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Row Lock
===========================================================================
=============================================
Session 1
Session 2
IncompatibleLock
Attempt
Spin
ITLentry
Row
Lock and Access
enq: TX - row lock contention
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Spinning means
Concurrency
•Active checking of a value in memory
•“Wasting” CPU for non-productive work
•Oracle Spin Count limits and Wait Events are a generosityto limit, see and measure the impact
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
ITL Stress
===========================================================================
=============================================
Resizing
● Limited Space● Concurrent Buffer modif.
spin!
one does it
other one(s)
buffer busy waitenq: TX - allocate ITL entry
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Mutex
Library CacheObject
Session 1
Session 2
Sleep = WaitS2 spinning on M.
M
S1 holding MutexSame for Latches, but a bit uglier.
Mutex Contention cursor: mutex Scursor: mutex X...
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
CBC
CBC 4F BH 1 BH 77
CBC 51 BH 99 BH 32
Chains
Buffer Headers(references in Shared Pool)
Latches
Cache Buffer Chains: Is this block in the BC?
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
CBC
CBC 4F BH 1 BH 77
Session 1
Session 2 Same or diff. Buffer (Chain), same latch :(
Spin
Locks the chain and looks for a buffer
CBC 51 BH 99 BH 32
latch: cache buffer chain
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
System Admin DBA Developer
Relevance-and-care chart
Conc. Wait
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Suggestions
•Check workload (think: SQL efficiency)=> Reduce logical reads/writes
•Be ready for decent diagnosis (think in Wait Events)
Concurrency
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Collaborate
It's all about humans working together
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
LayersApplication
NetworkDatabase
ServerOperating System
SANStorage
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Engineers to work together
People
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
System Admin DBA Developer
Relevance-and-care chart
All is slow
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
System Admin DBA Developer
Relevance-and-care chart
It works
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
TEAM
Make sure you have enough parallel beer!
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Thank you very muchfor your attention!
Martin KlierSenior / Lead DBAKlug GmbH integrierte Systeme
Las Vegas, April 26th, 2012
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
More resources on this topic
• Kevin Closson, on NUMA and Huge Pageshttps://kevinclosson.wordpress.com/2010/03/18/you-buy-a-numa-system-oracle-says-disable-numa-what-gives-part-i/http://kevinclosson.wordpress.com/2010/09/28/configuring-linux-hugepages-for-oracle-database-is-just-too-difficult-part-i/
• Craig Shallahamer, on Cache Buffer Chain visualizationhttp://shallahamer-orapub.blogspot.de/2010/09/buffer-cache-visualization-and-tool.html
• Arup Nanda, on ITL / Lockshttp://arup.blogspot.de/2011/01/more-on-interested-transaction-lists.html
• Andrey Nikolaev on Mutexes“Exploring mutexes, the Oracle RDBMS retrial spinlocks”
• Ronan Bourlier & Loïc Fura, IBM“Oracle DB and AIX Best Practices for Performance & Tuning”
• My Oracle SupportDoc ID 864633.1 “Enable Oracle NUMA support with Oracle Server Version 11gR2”Doc ID 1392497.1 “USE_LARGE_PAGES To Enable HugePages”Doc ID 361468.1 “HugePages on Oracle Linux 64-bit”
Read on...
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@MartinKlierDBA – YOUR machine and MY database - a performing relationship?
Thank youMany people have helped with suggestions, critics or taking daily work off me during preparation and
travel phase.
Guys, you are top!
Special thanks to:My boss and company, for endorsement
My team, for digging out the interesting stuff