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BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS (3RD EDITION): AN OVERVIEW AND DISCUSSION
Yu-Fai Leung
Professor, North Carolina State University, USA
Ralf Buckley
Professor, Griffith University, Australia
Glen Hvenegaard
Professor, University of Alberta, Canada
Anna Spenceley
Spenceley Tourism and Development (STAND)
TAPA-SG Chair, South Africa
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
� The needs for sustainable tourism BPG for protected areas
� The past two editions of ST-BPG
� The Third Edition
� Objectives and guiding principles
� Contributors
� Timeline
� This workshop
� Input on outline and contents
� Potential contributors
TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS
� Major incentive for protected area establishment and special designations (e.g. World Heritage sites, Global Geoparks)
� Public and political support for protected areas
� Key ecosystem service with conservation and community benefits
� Visitor experience and conservation education opportunities
CONCERNS ABOUT TOURISM
� Development pressure and habitat loss/degradation
� Strain on natural resources
� Tourist activity impacts
� Leakage of tourism revenues
� Impacts on local communities
NEEDS FOR BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES
� Tourism has a significant role to play in protected area conservation
� Enhancing the positive impacts of tourism while minimizing negative impacts
� Operationalizing sustainable tourism with best practice examples (environmental management, finances, partnerships, education, etc.)
� Collaborative learning and global knowledge sharing
� Proactive and adaptive management in face of changes
PAST EDITIONS OF ST-BPG
� First Edition: 1992
� McNeely, J. A., Thorsell, J. W., & Ceballos-Lascurain, H. (1992). Guidelines: Development of National Parks and Protected Areas for Tourism (UNEP-IE/PAC Technical Report Series No. 13). Madrid: WTO and UNEP.
� Second Edition: 2002
� Eagles, P. F. J., McCool, S. F., & Haynes, C. D. A. (2002). Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 183pp.
OBJECTIVES OF THE THIRD EDITION
� To update the background information used to develop the current best practices guidelines
� To engage TAPAS members and other stakeholders of protected area tourism in enhancing the contents and utility of the guidelines;
� To publish the BPG in concert with the 2014 World Parks Congress
SOME GUIDING PRINCIPLES
� Collaborative project
� Balanced collection of global knowledge
� Proactive, strategic and participatory approaches
� Evidence-based management
� Starter reference for PA managers
CONTRIBUTORS
� Editorial Team (TAPA-SG Knowledge
Development and Dissemination subgroup)
� Dr. Yu-Fai Leung (chief editor), Dr. Ralf Buckley, Dr.
Glen Hvenegaard, Dr. Anna Spenceley
� Contributors from TAPA-SG members
� Other contributors
� Types of contribution
� Chapter, subsection, case study, digital images
TIMELINE IN BRIEF
� Nov. 2011: Project approved by WCPA
� Sep. 2012: Identify contributors
� Dec. 2012: Draft contributions
� Apr. 2012: Final contributions
� Aug. 2013: First complete draft
� Dec. 2013: Final draft
� Aug. 2014: English version published online
� Nov. 2014: Release of print version at 2014 World Parks Congress
ST-BPG OUTLINE (CURRENT VERSION)
Chapter Proposed Contents
Introduction and Concepts • Brief introduction to the potential role of tourism in protected areas
(PA), tie to 2014 World Parks Congress themes, 2012 WWC themes,
IUCN strategic plan, etc.
• Brief introduction of the old and new challenges (and opportunities)
of tourism management in protected areas
o Here we acknowledge the notion of carrying capacity in the
tourism management literature but we emphasize that this
BPG will move beyond the flawed conceptualization and
instead focus on a holistic/adaptive approach to sustainable
tourism management
o Lack of visitation/tourism as a problem in PAs
• Contextual (concise) description of global issues and forces influencing
management of tourism (climate change, financial crisis, economic
restructuring, security, technology, changes in governance, etc.)
• Key concepts and scope: What do we mean by sustainability and
tourism in protected areas?
o Emphasize that “sustainable tourism” is not a form of tourism
but rather an overarching principle
o Tourism management vs. visitor management, what is our
focus
• What is the tourism/visitor experience? Diversity of tourism/visitor
experience as related to PAs; why is visitor experience important?
• What is included in the book? What is outside the scope? Who is the
intended audience?
• Brief outline of the book
Historical and Geographical Context • Why is tourism in PA? How has the tourism-PA relationship evolved?
INSTRUCTIONS FOR GROUP DISCUSSION
� 20 minutes: � Form groups of 5-6
� Review the handout (draft BPG outline) and discuss important topics or issues that are missing
� Brainstorm best practice examples
� Write on the A3 paper provided
� 10 minutes:� Rank the topics and issues (1-10,1 being
the most important)
� 20 minutes:� Each group reports the top 2 issues/topics
QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?