dp assisted offloading o ti i b ili w toperations in brazilian waters · 2015-01-07 · 08 enhanced...
TRANSCRIPT
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OPERATIONSOPERATIONS
DP Assisted Offloading O ti i B ili W tOperations in Brazilian Waters
Eduardo A. Tannuri The University of São Paulo
October 13 -14, 2009
Return to Session Directory
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DP Assisted Offloading
Operations in Brazilian
Waters
Eduardo A. Tannuri (USP) Arthur C. Saad (CENPES/PETROBRAS)
Sylvio Henrique S. Correa da Silva (E&P/PETROBRAS)
Vinicius L.F. Mattos (E&P/PETROBRAS)
Alexandre N. Simos (USP)
Helio M. Morishita (USP)Sergio H. Sphaier (COPPE/UFRJ)
October 2009Tanque de Provas
Numérico
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• Several aspects of DP assisted offloading
operations in Brazilian Waters.
• Objective: to define a more accurate set
of premises to the design of the DP
System of the new Shuttle Tankers (ST) that will operate in Brazilian waters and to
expose the actions that Brazilian scientific and industry communities are taking to
define those premises.
Summary
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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Introduction
PeriodPeriodPeriodPeriod Offshore Terminal TypeOffshore Terminal TypeOffshore Terminal TypeOffshore Terminal Type
70’s 70’s 70’s 70’s 70’s 70’s 70’s 70’s -------- 80’s80’s80’s80’s80’s80’s80’s80’s 1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys1 FSO and CALM Buoys
90’s90’s90’s90’s90’s90’s90’s90’s CALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPMCALM Buoys, FSOs and the 1st SPM--------TurretTurretTurretTurretTurretTurretTurretTurret
19981998199819981998199819981998--------20092009200920092009200920092009 DPDPDPDPDPDPDPDP--------FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret FPSO (Seillean), SPMs Turret (14 units)(14 units)
Spread MooredSpread MooredSpread MooredSpread MooredSpread MooredSpread MooredSpread MooredSpread Moored (09 units)(09 units)
From 2009From 2009From 2009From 2009 more FPSOs are expected more FPSOs are expected more FPSOs are expected more FPSOs are expected (Spread Moored)
Significant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last yearsSignificant changes in Brazil over the last years
FPSOFPSOFPSOFPSO----based exploitation expansion More based exploitation expansion More based exploitation expansion More based exploitation expansion More ShuttlesShuttlesShuttlesShuttles
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Introduction
Conventional offloadingNO - DPFPSO
ST
Tug
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Introduction
DP offloading
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Introduction
DP offloading
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Introduction
Today• Interval among loadings: 5 days • More than 600 off takings per year• 12 DPSTs: 9 from TRANSPETRO, 3 hired abroad
Comparison DP x Non-DP ST• Risk analysis recommended DP tankers to reduce the risk of collision (Spread Moored FPSO)
• 35% total operational time reduction• Time for mooring and hose connection phases decreased• Possible operations during the night
Near Future• New Spread Mooring FPSO’s• Higher demand for more DP tankers
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Introduction
From 2002From 2002From 2002From 2002
� Trading Tankers Trading Tankers Trading Tankers Trading Tankers (gradually replaced)
� 04 DP Class04 DP Class04 DP Class04 DP Class----1111
� 08 Enhanced DP Class08 Enhanced DP Class08 Enhanced DP Class08 Enhanced DP Class----1111
� 01 DP Class01 DP Class01 DP Class01 DP Class----2222
� 04 more vessels on 200904 more vessels on 200904 more vessels on 200904 more vessels on 2009----2010201020102010
�More vessels are expectedMore vessels are expectedMore vessels are expectedMore vessels are expected
Until 2002Until 2002Until 2002Until 2002
�Conventional Trading Tankers Conventional Trading Tankers Conventional Trading Tankers Conventional Trading Tankers
Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program Renewing Fleet Program
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Introduction
Petrobras specification
• 1994 - ST initial specification (BLS requirement)
• 1999 - ST with maneuvering assistance (thrusters) – no DP
• 2002 – DP Class 1 Enhanced
• 2006 – Additional thruster (8MW)
• 2009 – Additional thruster (10.6MW)
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Introduction
• Constantly evolution scenario
• Cooperative programs with Brazilian scientific community
• Experimental and numerical studies to support important decisions about regulation and operational requirements for the offloading
Numerical Simulators
Experimental Facilities
Design Methodologies
Advanced Hidro/Aerodynamics
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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Operational Guideline
14
01010101 azimuthazimuthazimuthazimuth thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
02020202 tunneltunneltunneltunnel thrustersthrustersthrustersthrusters
01010101 azimuthazimuthazimuthazimuth thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
01010101 tunneltunneltunneltunnel thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
01010101 CPPCPPCPPCPP
01010101 HighHighHighHigh LiftLiftLiftLift RudderRudderRudderRudder
Harsh Environmental OperationsHarsh Environmental OperationsHarsh Environmental OperationsHarsh Environmental Operations
2009 configuration
Spread Moored OperationsSpread Moored OperationsSpread Moored OperationsSpread Moored Operations
2006 configuration
01010101 tunneltunneltunneltunnel thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
01010101 azimuthazimuthazimuthazimuth thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
01010101 CPPCPPCPPCPP
01010101 highhighhighhigh liftliftliftlift rudderrudderrudderrudder
01010101 azimuthazimuthazimuthazimuth thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
01010101 tunneltunneltunneltunnel thrusterthrusterthrusterthruster
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Operational Guideline
AZIMUTH THRUSTER AZIMUTH THRUSTER AZIMUTH THRUSTER AZIMUTH THRUSTER 2,200 kW2,200 kW2,200 kW2,200 kW
2,600 mm 2,600 mm 2,600 mm 2,600 mm ∅∅∅∅
STERN THRUSTERSTERN THRUSTERSTERN THRUSTERSTERN THRUSTER
1.400 kW x 2.000 mm Ø1.400 kW x 2.000 mm Ø1.400 kW x 2.000 mm Ø1.400 kW x 2.000 mm Ø
BOW THRUSTERBOW THRUSTERBOW THRUSTERBOW THRUSTER
1.760 kW x 2.750 mm Ø1.760 kW x 2.750 mm Ø1.760 kW x 2.750 mm Ø1.760 kW x 2.750 mm Ø
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Operational Guideline
16
ItemItemItemItemItemItemItemItem Enhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP ClassEnhanced DP Class--------
11111111
DP ClassDP ClassDP ClassDP ClassDP ClassDP ClassDP ClassDP Class--------22222222
DP SystemDP SystemDP SystemDP SystemDP SystemDP SystemDP SystemDP System ••ControllersControllersControllersControllersControllersControllersControllersControllers -- DUPLEX configurationDUPLEX configuration
••SensorsSensorsSensorsSensorsSensorsSensorsSensorsSensors02 gyros, 02 MRUs, 02 gyros, 02 MRUs,
02 anemometers02 anemometers
•• Independent Independent UPSsUPSsUPSsUPSsUPSsUPSsUPSsUPSs for the DP systemfor the DP system
•• 03 PRS03 PRS03 PRS03 PRS03 PRS03 PRS03 PRS03 PRS –– DARPS, Artemis and FanbeamDARPS, Artemis and Fanbeam
Enhanced DPEnhanced DPEnhanced DPEnhanced DP----1 X DP1 X DP1 X DP1 X DP----2: No differences concerning the traditional ST systems.2: No differences concerning the traditional ST systems.2: No differences concerning the traditional ST systems.2: No differences concerning the traditional ST systems.
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Operational Guideline
Spread Mooring
Turret
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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Full Scale Measurement
• Full Scale Measurements of DP operations for validation of simulation codes
1st case: offloading of a Monocolumn platform
Property FPSO
Length 65.1m
Beam 65.1 m
Draft Full 18.0m
Draft Ballasted 11.2m
Depth 27.0 m
Displ. Full 54276 MTons
Displ. Ballasted 34315 MTons
Thruster Thrust Power
1- Tunnel Bow 28tonf 1935kW
2- Azimuth Bow 36tonf 2000kW
3- Azimuth Stern 36tonf 2000kW
4- Tunnel Stern 16tonf 1050kW
5- Main Propeller 220tonf 18891kW
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Full Scale Measurement
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Full Scale Measurement
-3500 -3000 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Eas t Posi ti on (m)
Nort
h P
ositio
n (
m)
Approach
Hose Connection
Heading Correction
Disconnection
-1000 -500 0 500 1000
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
East Position (m)
Nort
h P
ositio
n (
m)
Sailing
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Full Scale Measurement
Current16º ; 0.74knots
Wind
124º ; 10.7knots
Wave 98º
Hs=2.8mTz=4.9s
Current26º ; 0.77knots
Wind129º ; 10.5knots
Wave 89º
Hs=2.5mTz=6.2s
Before After
Surge Thrust (tonf) 4.3 3.1
Sway thrust (tonf) 28.5 10.2
Yaw Moment (tonf.m) 592 306
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
17:45:36 18:14:24 18:43:12 19:12: 00 19:40:48 20: 09:36 20:38:24 21:07:12 21:36:00
T ime
Sw
ay
To
tal
Fo
rce
(to
nf)
heading change
Sway Thrust
Heading correction
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Full Scale Measurement
Cluster: 1800 processors;
50 TeraFLOPSVirtual reality environment
Tanque de Provas Numérico
(Numerical Offshore Tank)
Finite Element Line models
DP SystemMulti-vessel dynamics
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Full Scale Measurement
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
BowTunnel BowAzi SternAzi SternTunnel Main Prop.
Mean
Th
rust (
tonf)
Before
After
Simulation
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
BowTunnel BowAzi SternAzi SternTunnel Main Prop.
Mea
n T
hru
st (tonf)
Before
AfterReal
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Full Scale Measurement
Simulation Real
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000
5
10
15
20
Time (s)
Bow Azimuth Thrust (tonf) - Simulation
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency (Hz)
Pow
er S
pectru
m (to
nf2/H
z)
wave frequency range
Bow Azimuth Thrus t (tonf) - Experimental
0
5
10
15
20
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Time (s)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Frequency(Hz)
Pow
er S
pectrum
(to
nf2/H
z)
Wave frequency range
Bow azim
uth propeller
Std = 2.75 tonfStd = 2.86 tonf
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Full Scale Measurement
–Next step:
–Validation of a DP crane and pipe-laying barge
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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• Utilization of numerical simulator for:
– Failure / Consequence analysis
– Environmental Change
–Downtime Estimation
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
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• Failure / Consequence analysis
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
Co
nve
nt.
DP
Co
nve
nt.
DP
Co
nve
nt.
DP
Co
nve
nt.
DP
Co
nve
nt.
DP
Co
nve
nt.
DP
Approach Mooring Connection Oil Transfer Disconection Way out
Moderate
Intolerable
Number of events
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• Failure / Consequence analysis
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
FPSO
ST
Environment
D~70m
Fprop
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
0 200 40 0 600 8 00 1000 12 00 14 00 1600 1 8000
50
1 00
1 50
Hawse r Te nsion (ton f) - max = 1 83.3 tonf min = 0.0t onf me an = 27. 7ton f
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500
50
100
150
Thr
us.3
5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500
-50
0
50
Th
rus
.4
Time (s )
Failure of Main Engineduring connection
Conventional DP
Hawsertension Azimuth
thruster
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• Failure / Consequence analysis
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
Typical DP failuresBlackout
Time to collision
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
-25 0 -200 -15 0 -100 - 50 0 5 0 10 0 150 200 250- 250
- 200
- 150
- 100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
X ( m)
Y (
m)
Drive-off into the environment
176
204
140
148152
162
176
184
222
150
158
168
146
138
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Wind Speed (m/s)
Drive-o
ff T
ime (
s)
75% Loaded
Ballasted
Enviroment
Drive off
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• Environmental variation
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5)
Common variation Campos Basin
Non-DP Shuttle
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• Environmental variation
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
Common variation Campos Basin
DP Shuttle
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5)
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• Downtime Estimation
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
Analysis of Environmental
Conditions
Generation of a set of conditions
Simulation (Time Domain)
Verification of safety criteria
Downtime
Uptime
Cu rre nt (m/s)
méd io N NE E S E S S W W NW TOTA L TOT AL ac um. (%)
0 0. 1 0 .0 5 1 9 2 3 2 9 36 47 41 17 14 226 2 .7 1%
0 .1 0. 2 0 .1 5 2 1 1 9 4 0 88 1 23 70 40 24 425 7 .8 1%
0 .2 0. 3 0 .2 5 6 7 2 1 7 0 1 04 2 40 1 41 39 12 694 16 .1 3%
0 .3 0. 4 0 .3 5 1 2 1 8 7 8 1 21 4 17 2 10 41 17 914 27 .1 0%
0 .4 0. 5 0 .4 5 1 4 2 9 9 9 1 28 7 74 2 41 22 12 131 9 42 .9 2%
0 .5 0. 6 0 .5 5 1 3 3 6 9 7 1 22 9 55 2 46 27 9 150 5 60 .9 7%
0 .6 0. 7 0 .6 5 2 8 3 9 5 8 1 02 8 55 2 51 25 8 136 6 77 .3 5%
0 .7 0. 8 0 .7 5 3 4 8 4 5 76 5 19 1 57 19 5 872 87 .8 1%
0 .8 0. 9 0 .8 5 8 3 3 1 3 64 2 58 59 20 12 467 93 .4 1%
0 .9 1 0 .9 5 0 1 1 1 72 1 37 12 24 14 271 96 .6 7%
1 1. 1 1 .0 5 0 5 0 26 1 30 2 6 3 172 98 .7 3%
1 .1 1. 2 1 .1 5 0 0 0 8 67 0 0 0 75 99 .6 3%
1 .2 1. 3 1 .2 5 0 0 0 2 22 0 0 0 24 99 .9 2%
1 .3 1. 4 1 .3 5 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 99 .9 6%
1 .4 1. 5 1 .4 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 100 .0 0%
1 .5 1. 6 1 .5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 .0 0%1 .6 1. 7 1 .6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 .0 0%
1 .7 1. 8 1 .7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 .0 0%
1 .8 1. 9 1 .8 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 .0 0%
1 .9 2 1 .9 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 .0 0%
TOT AL 18 5 28 2 53 0 9 51 45 49 14 30 280 130 833 7
méd io m/ s 0 .3 6 0 .5 4 0 .4 4 0. 52 0. 58 0. 50 0. 47 0. 46 0. 54
% to ta l 2 .2 % 3. 4% 6. 4% 1 1. 4% 54. 6% 17. 2% 3. 4% 1 .6 % 100 .0 % val or médi o
% >0. 7m/ s 0 .1 % 1. 2% 0. 7% 3. 0% 13. 6% 2. 8% 0. 8% 0 .4 % 22 .6 % 0. 45
% <0. 7m/ s 2 .1 % 2. 2% 5. 6% 8. 4% 40. 9% 14. 4% 2. 5% 1 .2 % 77 .4 % 0. 86
f aix a
U< 0, 7m/ s
U>0 ,7 m/s
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• Downtime Estimation
Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
FPSO DPST Non-DPST
Downtime
%
Downtime
days/year
Downtime % Downtim
e
days/year
Turret 1.8 to 2.4 7 to 9 2.4 to 3.0 9 to 11
Spread
Moored
4.4 to 12.1 16 to 44 18.5 to 26.3 67 to 95
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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Model Scale Tests
• DPBR – National capacitation for DP tests
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Model Scale Tests
• DPBR – National capacitation for DP tests
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Model Scale Tests
• DPBR – National capacitation for DP tests
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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Interaction
Offloading of SMS FPSO: Situations when shuttle is kept close to the borders of operational zone are not uncommon.
In this situations, significant wake
effects may influence the
environmental forces on the shuttle
•Offloading Operations: Safety criterion demands operation performed by shuttle tankers assisted by Dynamic Positioning (DP) system.
DP design must take such effect into
account
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–Current
Interaction
-100 0 100 200 300 400-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
FPSO
CFD modelExperimental Validation
( )
−ρ−
−′ρ−
++′+′ρ−
+α′α′
πρ−
−α′α′
α′+
π−′ρ=
′ρ−
−+′+′ρ−
+α′α′′ρ=
+
α′+ρπ−
−α′ρ=
∫
∫
∫
∫
∫
∫
∫
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
23
Y4
r3
2/L
2/LD
2/L
2/L
2
2/L
2/L
2
v2o
R,Z
r2
2/L
2/LD
2/L
2/Lv
2R,Y
2 2
2/L
2/La
22
2/L
2/LC1
2R,X
r).r,0(Irr.16
CTL
2
1
ru.N.TL2
1
dxx.r)x(v).x.r)x(v)(x(C.xT2
1
dx.)x(cos).x(senL
TTLU
2
1
dx.)x(cos).x(sen2
)x(cos1.
L
TNTLU
2
1)r,'v,'u(N
ru.Y.L.T2
1
dxx.r)x(v).x.r)x(v)(x(CT2
1
dx.)x(cos).x(sen.Y.TU2
1)r,'v,'u(F
rvMdx).x(cosr4
1rvLT
4
1
dx)).x((CTU2
1r,'v,'uF
Heuristic Model
DP calculation
30º
Not considering current wake effect may result up
to 5,3% of DP power under-estimation !!!
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–WaveShadow effect computed by potential WAMIT
Interaction
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
X(m)
Y(m
)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
X(m)
Y(m
)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
30% overestimation of DP
power
8% under estimation of DP
power
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–Wind
Interaction
CFD model (FPSO only)Experimental or CFD Validation
Heuristic Model (still working)
DP calculation
15% total DP
power
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
150 160 170 180 190 200 210
Po
we
r (k
W)
Angle (degrees)
Total DP Power
No Shadow
Wind Shadow Ef fect
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Topics
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Conclusions
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– Introduction
– Petrobras Operational Guideline
– Full Scale Measurements
–Comparison DP x non-DP offloading
–Model Scale Tests
–Hydro/Aerodynamic Interaction FPSO/ST
–Conclusions
–Acknowledgments
Conclusions
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Acknowledgments
Brazilian scientific financing agencies
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Acknowledgments