dr. arkadiusz staŃczykiewicz dr. krzysztof leszczyŃski ... · september 4-7, 2016 warsaw . 5 ....

Dr. Arkadiusz STAŃCZYKIEWICZ Dr. Krzysztof LESZCZYŃSKI

Prof. Janusz M. SOWA Dr. Dariusz KULAK

Dr. Grzegorz SZEWCZYK

University of Agriculture in Krakow Institute of Forest Utilization and Forest Technology

Department of Forest and Wood Utilization FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: CHALLENGES FOR FOREST ENGINEERING, September 4-7, 2016 Warsaw

Phot. D. Kulak

AIM AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency and time consumption of operations

performed by the HYPRO 450 processor combined with a farm tractor BELARUS (MTZ) and

productivity of chaisaw operator, who prepared raw material for further operations..

FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: CHALLENGES FOR FOREST ENGINEERING, September 4-7, 2016 Warsaw 2

Steering joystick carrier

Maximum cutting diameter [cm] 45

Chain pitch 0.404”

Speed of timber feed [m/s] 3-3.5

Range of hydraulic crane [m] 6.0

Lenght of winch wire [m] 50

Maximum pulling power of winch [kN] 20

Angle of processor turn [°] 140

Angle of processor tilt [°] 60

Weight [kg] 1130

Demand min. power of tractor [kW/hp] 50/65

Price [PLN/€] – rate 22.08.2016 239 900/55 800

The scope of the research was limited to early and late

thinning in pine stands and to early thinning in fir and

spruce stands.

Phot. K. Leszczynski

Phot. A. Stanczykiewicz

Basic technical data of the processor

The studies were located in southern Poland,

within the area of the Rybnik and Wisła Forest

Districts (Regional Directorate of the State Forests

in Katowice), and the Myślenice Forest District

(RDSF in Krakow)

RESEARCH LOCATION


RESEARCH LOCATION

Forest district

Compartment Thinning Area

[ha] Stand

composition Age

[years] Index of stocking

Growing stock

[m3/ha]

Thinning intensity

[%]

Slope [°] Forest site type

Rybnik 267d (3 plots) Early 5.60

9 Scots pine 1 Common oak 40 0.9 221 8.4 0-2

Mixed fresh coniferous forest Rybnik

250h (3 plots) Late 6.13 Scots pine 77 0.7 269 15.3 0-1

Wisła 116b (3 plots)

Early 10.53 Norway spruce 45 1.1 385 12.4 13-17 Mixed mountain

broadleaved forest Myślenice

204a (3 plots) 14.50 Silver fir 42 0.9 165 10.2 11-14

Characteristics of stands with sample plots

FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: CHALLENGES FOR FOREST ENGINEERING, September 4-7, 2016 Warsaw

The logging operations took place in 12 rectangular manipulation zones with dimensions of 50ˣ100m, and their longer sides touching the skidding trails, where the processor was placed.

Phot. A. Stanczykiewicz

HARVESTING SYSTEM Cutting and felling of trees in all the stands was performed by the same chainsaw operator. Operations of delimbing and cross-cutting of harvested trees, which had been previously hauled with the use of a cable winch over a maximum distance of 50 m, were performed by two operators (1st in pine stands – 3 years of work practice, the 2nd in fir and spruce stands – 3 months of work practice).


The stems were processed into rollers with a length of 1.25 m and 3.0 m (destined for transport pallets and construction props)

and logs with a length of 6.5-17.5 m (destined for coal mines - only from late thinning in pine stands).

Phot. A.Stanczykiewicz

Phot. A.Stanczykiewicz

In case of this technology, the chainsaw operator cut trees possibly opposite to the direction of further skidding. Trees were skid to the skidding routes by winch installed on processor - controlled by radio. Single cargo carried from 1 to 2 long logs and from 2 to 4 perches, depending on the category of thinning. Delimbing, timber measurements with accuracy of 1 cm as well as cross-cutting was performed by processor after skidding of several items of timber to the area within the direct range of grapple loader on the crane of the processor.


HARVESTING SYSTEM

In the next stage timber logging from skidding routes to landings was done by the farm tractors with forest trailers or cable winches.

Phot. K. Leszczynski / A. Stanczykiewicz

CUTTING

DRAGGING DELIMBING/CROSS-CUTTING

FORWARDING

METHODS OF FIELD INVESTIGATIONS


Phot. G.Szewczyk A time study of harvesting was performed using data loggers of the PSION type (Workabout MX), equipped with apriopriate software (TIMING) developed especially for chronometric analyses. The precision of time measurements was 1 s.

The time study was conducted separately for the chainsaw operator and for the processor operator. After the completion of harvesting, the volume of the harvested timber was determined on the basis of all log pieces diameters.

Phot. K. Leszczynski Phot. G.Szewczyk

CALCULATION METHODS In order to analyse the work time structure, a classification system based on the requirements formulated by the IUFRO, was employed (Björheden et al. 1995).


The efficiency and time consumption of operations performed by a chainsaw operator and a processor's operator were computed within an productive work time (PW), including main work times (MW - e.g. timber processing) and complementary work times (CW - e.g. relocation and travels along the operational tracks within the worksite) (Magagnotti N., Spinelli R. [ed.] 2012).

RESEARCH RESULTS (1) A total volume of timber harvested amounted to 117.29 m3. With regard to early thinning treatments, 26.88 m3 of timber was extracted in pine stand, 21.78 m3 in fir stand, and 28.50 m3 in spruce stand. Whereas, during late thinning performed in pine stand 40.13 m3 of timber was harvested.

Harvesting the above-mentioned volumes took a chainsaw operator 15.2 hours of his total productive work time. While, processor's operators spent in total 46.9 hours to process this amount of raw wood.


Work time [hour]

Scots pine Silver fir Norway spruce

Early thinning Late thinning Early thinning Early thinning

Processor operator 9.5 5.1 14.2 18.1

Chainsaw operator 3.4 2.5 4.2 5.1

E F F I C I E N C Y O F P R O C E S S O R I N P R O D U C T I V E T I M E

Efficiency of the processor in pine stands oscillated between 2.5 and 3.2 m3/h for early thinning and between 4.9 and 9.99 m3/h for late thinning. Whereas, in fir and spruce stands, subjected to early thinning treatments, the efficiency of processor ranged between 1.2 and 1.7 m3/h and from 1.4 to 1.9 m3/h, respectively.


RESEARCH RESULTS (2)

2.88

1.53 1.58

7.80

2.24

1.19 1.07

3.43 3.40 3.50

1.90 1.80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Scots pine ET Silver fir ET Norway spruce ET Scots pine LT Norway spruce ET** Norway spruce ET*** Grand fir ET**** Western hemolckET****

HYPRO 450 NIAB 5-15* VIMEK G30** TUIKO P300*** NIAB N1501****

*Sowa J.M., Kulak D., Szewczyk G. [2007 – data from Poland]

** Marntel A., Marntel T. [1988 – data from Sweden]

*** Holzwieser O. et al. [1991 – data from Austria]

**** Anon. [2003 – data from UK]

+ Mean volume of cutting tree [m3]

0.16

0.20

0.11

+0.1

0

0.12

0.11

0.35

0.06

0.07

0.09

0.32

0.10


RESEARCH RESULTS (3) T I M E C O N S U M P T I O N O F P R O C E S S O R I N P R O D U C T I V E T I M E

With regard to time consumption of operations performed by the processor in pine stands, it enclosed within a range of 19-24 min/m3 for early thinning and 6-12 min/m3 for late thinning. In fir and spruce stands the average time consumption of logging works amounted to 39 min/m3 (33-46 min/m3) and 38 min/m3 (32-43 min/m3), respectively.

min/m3 Scots pine Silver fir Norway spruce


HYPRO 450 21 9 39 38 NIAB 5-15* 28 17 47 58


Phot. G.Szewczyk Phot. A.Stanczykiewicz


RESEARCH RESULTS (4) E F F I C I E N C Y O F C H A I N S A W O P E R A T O R I N P R O D U C T I V E T I M E

Efficiency of the chainsaw operator in pine stands oscillated between 7.0 and 9.5 m3/h for early thinning and within a range of 14.0-23.7 m3/h for late thinning. Whereas, in fir and spruce stands, subjected to early thinning treatments, the efficiency of chainsaw operator enclosed within a range of 2.7-4.5 m3/h and 5.1-9.1 m3/h, respectively.

8.1

3.5

6.6

15.7

6.2

3.3

7.4

14.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Scots pine ET Silver fir ET Norway spruce ET Scots pine LT

HYPRO 450 NIAB 5-15*



RESEARCH RESULTS (5) T I M E C O N S U M P T I O N O F C H A I N S A W O P E R A T O R I N P R O D U C T I V E T I M E

The time consumption of operations performed by a chainsaw operator in pine stands amounted to 7.6 min/m3 for early thinning and 4.1 min/m3 for late thinning. Whereas, in fir and spruce stands (early thinning) it reached the level of 17.7 min/m3 and 9.8 min/m3, respectively.

min/m3 Scots pine Silver fir Norway spruce


HYPRO 450 6-9 3-15 13-22 7-12 NIAB 5-15* 8-11 6-10 15-30 19-21


Phot. D.Kulak Phot. A.Stanczykiewicz

CONCLUSIONS … The average productive efficiency of the processor in pine stands amounted

to almost 3 m3/h for early thinning and almost 8 m3/h for late thinning. In fir and spruce stands, subjected to early thinning treatments, the average processor efficiency was under 2 m3/h.

The average time consumption of operations performed by the processor in pine stands amounted to over 21 min/m3 for early thinning and almost 9 min/m3 for late thinning. In fir and spruce stands the average time consumption of logging works accounted for over 39 min/m3 and 38 min/m3.

In pine stands the productive efficiency of a chainsaw operator performing early and late thinning treatments amounted to over 8 m3/h and almost 16 m3/h. While in fir stands it was under 4 m3/h, and in spruce stands under 7 m3/h.

The time consumption of operations performed by a chainsaw operator in pine stands amounted to under 8 min/m3 for early thinning and over 4 min/m3 for late thinning. Whereas, in fir and spruce stands it reached the level of under 18 min/m3 and almost 10 min/m3, respectively.


OBSERVATIONS … A significantly higher productivity of the HYPRO processor (when compared with that of the

NIAB processor) in late thinning treatments performed in pine stands, was most likely due to a

great volume of timber for coal mines, the extraction of which did not involve measurements

and crosscutting into rollers, resulting in reduction of effective time of delimbing, measuring

tree length and crosscutting, for every log under processing.

Apart from that, the results obtained might have been affected by the manner and speed of

delimbing performed by each of the processors. According to technical specifications

provided by manufacturers, the HYPRO processor feeds timber twice as fast as the NIAB

processor. This may also determine the time of delimbing. Having compared productivity of the

both processors, it appeared that the specific manner of delimbing performed by either of the

machines could have influenced the productivity level as well.

Moreover, a considerable role might have been played by the professional experience and

skills of the processor's operator. Observations made during the field research on the

smoothness of operations performed by both of the HYPRO processor's operators seem to

confirm the above-mentioned assumption.


Contact: Dr. Arkadiusz STAŃCZYKIEWICZ Dr. Krzysztof LESZCZYŃSKI Prof. Janusz M. SOWA Dr. Dariusz KULAK Dr. Grzegorz SZEWCZYK University of Agriculture in Krakow Institute of Forest Utilization and Forest Technology Department of Forest and Wood Utilization al. 29 Listopada 46; 31-425 Kraków tel./fax. +48 12 662 50 90/+48 12 412 44 18 e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]


Thank you for your attention !

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dr. arkadiusz staŃczykiewicz dr. krzysztof leszczyŃski ... · september 4-7, 2016 warsaw . 5 ....

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