Dr D K Tuli

1Nano in Energy & Environment, Bangalore 9th Dec,2011

Dr D K Tuli

GM( AE)

IOC R&D

Faridabad

• Established in 1972

• One of the Corporate Divisions

• State-of-the art facilities

Indian Oil R&D Centre

2

• State-of-the art facilities

• ISO 9001 / 14001 certified

• Nanotechnology started in 2009

• Presently 4 scientists and 3 PhD

students

R&D MISSIONR&D MISSIONR&D MISSIONR&D MISSION

Future Ready

Alternative Energy &

Cleaner Technologies

3

Technologies

Develop, Demonstrate &

Deploy

Innovation

Products, Processes

& People

� Nano technology in Lubricants

� Nano Fuel Additives

Nano processes

Contents

4

� Nano processes

� Way forward….

Nanotechnology in Petroleum

� Petroleum industry has been a beneficiary of

Nanoscience /nanotechnology ; but mostly

unknowingly

� Most common refining catalysts e.g. Zeolites involves

Nanoscience

5

Nanoscience

� Advent of nanotechnology has brought in “ Know Why”

in existing “Know How” element

Benefits of Nano lube additives:

�

* Lower friction (improved lubricity, lower energy costs. )

* Measurably better gas mileage , reduce wear, increase efficiency and

increased horsepower.

* Lower operating temperatures (as less energy is converted into heat)

* Increase in Oil / lubricant life and longer changeovers

* High Load bearing property means Reduction in wear of mating parts

* Offers increased corrosion resistance

* Does not clog oil or fuel filters as .5 micron particles easily pass thru filter.

� Required in very small doses

� Lube insoluble can also be used

� No need for derivatisation for solubility

Advantage of using nanoparticle

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

7

� No need for derivatisation for solubility

� Having more efficient load bearing capability

� Having higher thermal diffusivity

� Contribute to the overall fluid viscosity

� Lower net treat cost for given efficiency

� Nanofluids

� Use of Nanoparticles in fluidic Lubricants

� Use of Nanoparticles in solid Lubricants

(Inorganic Fullerene / MoS2)

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

8

(Inorganic Fullerene / MoS2)

Annual lube sales in India ~ 1 million tons

� BASF

� Chevron (MDT)

� ApNano (NanoLube)

MNC’s already in the business

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

9

� ApNano (NanoLube)

� Ashland ( DOW)

� Lubrizol

� NNT (BORPowerBORPowerBORPowerBORPower® NANO )® NANO )® NANO )® NANO )

� H2OIL (eeLube)

Commercial Example

Commercial Example

AddNano Project Of EC

• Led by Infineum, UK

• 12 M Euro EC funded project

• Development of low S/P based additives

• Inorganic Fullerene type materials• Inorganic Fullerene type materials

• 14 industrial / academic partners

• Engine oils , transmission fluids and greases

• Molecular ball bearing approach

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

Commertial OilNano additized Oil

13

Formulated engine oil without & with nano-additive

Change picture

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

14

Inorganic nanodispersion with increased particle size

~ 350

micron~ 80 nm

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

Graphene dispersion in water

15

Preparation of graphene dispersion

Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research

Natural Graphite Graphene oxideSonication

Dispersed graphene

oxide sheetsReduction with

Suitable reducing agent

(1) (2)

(3)

16

Suitable reducing agent

Dispersed graphene

(3)

Application in solar cell

Commonly used electrode in conventional organic photovoltaic is

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)

Drawbacks of ITO:

� Scarcity of Indium; Its expensive ( $1000/kg)

� ITO is less mechanically flexible

17

Advantages of Graphene over ITO:

� Cheap and easily available raw materials

� Easy to prepare and process

� Graphene is transparent (>70%) over 1000nm

� High chemical and mechanical stability

� Better conductivity

� Flexible upto 85 % bend vs 65 % bend in ITO develops crack

•Dispersion should be highly stable in fuel

• Min. shelf life of one year

Should not affect fuel properties

Requirements of Nano additives in fuels:

Nanotechnology in Fuel Research

18

•Should not affect fuel properties

•Should impart better combustion efficiency

• Scalable process of preparation

• Cost competitive with normal system

� BASF

� Oxonica (Envirox)

MNC’s already in the business

Nanotechnology in Fuel Research

19

� Ashland (DOW)

� Lubrizol

� H2OIL (eeFuel)

nano fuel additivenanoparticles are added to fuel to improve

performance by promoting :

Soot burn within the combustion cycle

Nanotechnology in Fuel Research

20

� Soot burn within the combustion cycle

� Oxidising carbon deposit build up within the engineresulting in more efficient performance and improvedfuel economy

� Better engine protection

� Lower emissions & smoke

Nanotechnology in Fuel Research

21

Hydrocarbon Combustion

(2x+y)CeO2+CxHy=[(2x+y)/2]Ce2O3+x/2 CO2+y/2 H2O

Soot Burning

MECHANISM

Ce based nano fuel additive

22

Soot Burning

4CeO2+Csoot=2Ce2O3+CO2

Nox Reduction

Ce2O3+NO=2CeO2+1/2N2

Toxicity of Ce is an issue

Energy Map for Nanodispersion

23COST

• Exploring Nanotechnology applications in

energy sector

• Cost effective nano material production

•Additive dose optimisation

Way forward….

24

• Exploring academic & industrial

collaborations

Thank youThank you

25

Nanotechnology Department,

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. R&D Centre

Sector 13, Faridabad, India-121 007Tel: +91-0129-2294-273 (O), Fax: +91-0129-2286-221E-mail: tulidk@iocl.co.in

Thank youThank you