dr. donna rhodes evolving systems engineering for innovative product and systems development

Dr. Donna RhodesDr. Donna RhodesEvolving Systems Evolving Systems Engineering for Engineering for

Innovative Product and Innovative Product and Systems DevelopmentSystems Development

© D. Rhodes, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Donna Dr. Donna RhodesRhodesSenior Lecturer, Engineering Systems Senior Lecturer, Engineering Systems

Principal Research Engineer, Lean Aerospace InitiativePrincipal Research Engineer, Lean Aerospace Initiative

Academic CredentialsAcademic Credentials Ph.D., Systems Science: T.J. Watson School of Engineering at SUNY Ph.D., Systems Science: T.J. Watson School of Engineering at SUNY

Binghamton. Binghamton. Research Interests: Systems Engineering, Systems Management, and Research Interests: Systems Engineering, Systems Management, and

Enterprise Architecting.Enterprise Architecting.

““Street” CredentialsStreet” Credentials 20 years of experience in the aerospace, defense systems, systems 20 years of experience in the aerospace, defense systems, systems

integration, and commercial product industries.integration, and commercial product industries. Senior Management positions in the areas of systems engineering and Senior Management positions in the areas of systems engineering and

enterprise transformationenterprise transformation– IBM Federal Systems, IBM Federal Systems, – Loral, Loral, – Lockheed Martin, and Lockheed Martin, and – Lucent Technologies. Lucent Technologies.


Donna RhodesDonna Rhodes

Awards and AccomplishmentsAwards and Accomplishments– IBM Outstanding Innovation AwardIBM Outstanding Innovation Award– Lockheed Martin NOVA Award. Lockheed Martin NOVA Award. – Established several systems engineering graduate Established several systems engineering graduate

degree programs, degree programs, – Served on several university advisory boards,Served on several university advisory boards,– Past-President and Fellow of the International Past-President and Fellow of the International

Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE),Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE),– Currently INCOSE Director for Strategic Planning. Currently INCOSE Director for Strategic Planning.

http://esd.mit.edu/Faculty_Pages/rhodes/rhodes.htm http://www.sie.arizona.edu/sysengr/INCOSE/donna.htmlWeb Sites:

Evolving Systems Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Engineering for Innovative

Product and Systems Product and Systems DevelopmentDevelopment

SDM Alumni Conference SDM Alumni Conference October 2004October 2004

Dr. Donna H. RhodesDr. Donna H. Rhodes

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology

[email protected]@mit.edu


Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Product and Systems DevelopmentProduct and Systems Development Themes

What is innovation in the context of (large scale) What is innovation in the context of (large scale) product/systems development? product/systems development?

How is systems engineering evolving to address How is systems engineering evolving to address complex innovation challenges? complex innovation challenges?

What are the implications for research & education? What are the implications for research & education?


What is Systems Engineering?What is Systems Engineering?

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (Classical)SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (Classical) Systems engineering is theSystems engineering is the processprocess of selecting and of selecting and

synthesizing the application of the appropriate synthesizing the application of the appropriate scientific and technical knowledge in order to scientific and technical knowledge in order to translate system requirements into system translate system requirements into system designdesign.. (Chase)(Chase)

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (Expanded)SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (Expanded) Systems engineering is Systems engineering is a branch of engineeringa branch of engineering that that

concentrates on concentrates on design and application of the design and application of the wholewhole as distinct from the parts… looking at the as distinct from the parts… looking at the problem in its entirety, taking into account all the problem in its entirety, taking into account all the facets and variables and facets and variables and relating the social to the relating the social to the technicaltechnical aspects. aspects. (Ramo) (Ramo)


Critical Need for Critical Need for Systems Engineering for Systems Engineering for

“Robustness”“Robustness”

Systems Engineering needs to evolve to effectively develop systems/system-of-systems that are:

Capable of adapting to changes in mission and requirements Expandable/scalableDesigned to accommodate growth in capabilityAble to reliably function given changes in threats or environment Effectively/affordably sustainable over their lifecycle Easily modified to leverage new technologies

Reference: Rhodes, D., Workshop Report – Air Force/LAI Workshop on Systems Engineering for Robustness, July 2004, http://lean.mit.edu

In a recent workshop, Dr. Marvin Sambur, Assistant Secretary of the AF for Acquisition, noted that average program is 36% overrun according to recent studies -- which disrupts the overall portfolio of programs. The primary reason cited in studies of problem programs state the number one reason for programs going off track is systems engineering.


Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Product and Systems DevelopmentProduct and Systems Development

What is innovation in the context of (large What is innovation in the context of (large scale) product/systems development? scale) product/systems development?

How is systems engineering evolving to address How is systems engineering evolving to address complex innovation challenges?complex innovation challenges?

What are the implications for research & education?What are the implications for research & education?


What is Innovation?What is Innovation?

Dictionary Definitions Dictionary Definitions act of starting something for the first time a creation (a new device or process)

resulting from study and experimentation

……but what is innovation when our focus is but what is innovation when our focus is large scale complex systems large scale complex systems


Innovation in the Systems ContextInnovation in the Systems Context

Innovation may occur at multiple levels of the Innovation may occur at multiple levels of the system – component level innovation may system – component level innovation may impact system behavior at broad system level impact system behavior at broad system level

Innovation in enterprise system and product Innovation in enterprise system and product system are intimately linked system are intimately linked

Innovation at the interfaces is just as Innovation at the interfaces is just as important as component level innovationsimportant as component level innovations



Current decisions may be made in a Current decisions may be made in a manner which will set up possibility for manner which will set up possibility for innovation in future innovation in future

Innovators need to think in multiple Innovators need to think in multiple dimensions with sensitivity to time, context, dimensions with sensitivity to time, context, and stakeholders and stakeholders

As complexity increases, so too does the As complexity increases, so too does the difficulty of innovation difficulty of innovation andand the potential the potential value of innovationvalue of innovation


How Does Innovation Occur?How Does Innovation Occur?

Margaret WheatleyMargaret Wheatley” Innovation is fostered by information gathered from

new connections; from insights gained by journeys into other disciplines or places; from active, collegial network and fluid, open boundaries

Innovation arises from ongoing circles of exchange, where information is not just accumulated or stored, but created

Knowledge is generated anew from connections that weren't there before”


When is Innovation Likely to When is Innovation Likely to

Occur?Occur?

The potential for innovation in large scale The potential for innovation in large scale complex engineering systems is greatest at complex engineering systems is greatest at the the intersection of opportunities, capabilities, intersection of opportunities, capabilities, and strategies and strategies

Systems Engineering does its most important Systems Engineering does its most important work at these intersections…. work at these intersections….


Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering

Systems engineering works throughout the entire Systems engineering works throughout the entire system lifecycle to transform high level needs to system lifecycle to transform high level needs to operational system operational system

As such, innovation for the system as a whole, and As such, innovation for the system as a whole, and particularly at conceptual level, is driven by good particularly at conceptual level, is driven by good systems engineering systems engineering

Many of the current initiatives to evolve systems Many of the current initiatives to evolve systems engineering to a broader field will serve to enable engineering to a broader field will serve to enable innovation innovation


Evolving Systems Engineering for Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Product and Systems Innovative Product and Systems DevelopmentDevelopment

What is innovation in the context of (large scale) What is innovation in the context of (large scale) product/systems development? product/systems development?

How is systems engineering evolving to How is systems engineering evolving to address complex innovation challenges?address complex innovation challenges?

What are the implications for research & education?What are the implications for research & education?


Evolution of Systems Evolution of Systems EngineeringEngineering

Four Major AspectsFour Major Aspects

1.1. Contemporary Engineering Environment Contemporary Engineering Environment

2.2. The Nature of Future Systems The Nature of Future Systems

3.3. General Trends in the Evolution General Trends in the Evolution

4.4. Changes in Systems Engineering Practice Changes in Systems Engineering Practice

What characterizes the What characterizes the engineering environment of the engineering environment of the

2121stst century? century?


Global Engineering EnvironmentGlobal Engineering Environment

Globalization demands a Globalization demands a deeper understanding of deeper understanding of national and cultural policies, economies, laws, national and cultural policies, economies, laws, priorities, and preferencespriorities, and preferences. There is a growing . There is a growing

need to apply the systems perspectives to global need to apply the systems perspectives to global challenges of sustainable development.challenges of sustainable development.

The International Space Station is the largest and most complex international scientific project in history.

(photo credit: NASA, with permission)


Selected Perspectives on…GLOBAL ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT

Systems efforts must increasingly Systems efforts must increasingly consider the social and consider the social and ecological impactsecological impacts of decisions and actions of decisions and actions

Changing demographicsChanging demographics influence systems and global workforce influence systems and global workforce

Continued growth in Continued growth in international cooperationinternational cooperation of defense, IT, of defense, IT, communication, transportation, other sectors communication, transportation, other sectors

Global terrorist threats drive the need for Global terrorist threats drive the need for counter-terrorist systems counter-terrorist systems and international securityand international security will be a major focus will be a major focus

Cross investments, mergers and trans-national cooperativeCross investments, mergers and trans-national cooperative ventures will continue to dominate business strategies. ventures will continue to dominate business strategies.

Procurement and operations of systems will experience Procurement and operations of systems will experience transitions in multiple dimensionstransitions in multiple dimensions

What will future systems be like What will future systems be like and what challenges and what challenges do these present?do these present?


Future SystemsFuture Systems

The global engineering environment drives a new The global engineering environment drives a new worldview – worldview – systems of systemssystems of systems. Evolving needs, new . Evolving needs, new

approaches, and advances in technology are influencing approaches, and advances in technology are influencing the characteristics and the capabilities of emerging and the characteristics and the capabilities of emerging and

future systems.future systems.

The Central Artery/Tunnel Project's Operations Control Center (OCC) in South Boston contains the most advanced electronic traffic monitoring and incident response system in

the world. (photo credit: Massachusetts Turnpike Authority, with permission)


Selected Perspectives on…FUTURE SYSTEMS

The problems and challenges of this century are The problems and challenges of this century are solved better by solved better by using systems approachesusing systems approaches, rather than through application of , rather than through application of technology alonetechnology alone

Systems engineering focus must be broad and increasingly Systems engineering focus must be broad and increasingly embracing “non-technical” parametersembracing “non-technical” parameters

Systems become Systems become more complex in their composition, nature, and more complex in their composition, nature, and interfacesinterfaces, and increasingly more software intensive , and increasingly more software intensive

There will be a significant There will be a significant increase in “super systemsincrease in “super systems”,”, with with transportation, environment, defense, and security as key areas transportation, environment, defense, and security as key areas of focus in the years ahead. of focus in the years ahead.

This continuing aggregation of systems of systems will drive the This continuing aggregation of systems of systems will drive the need to need to network new and existing systemsnetwork new and existing systems

Many systems, including warfare systems, will be driven by the Many systems, including warfare systems, will be driven by the network-centric paradigmnetwork-centric paradigm


Selected Perspectives on…FUTURE SYSTEMS

Systems will Systems will evolve over their lifecycleevolve over their lifecycle and will be designed to and will be designed to accommodate new technologies and emergent behaviorsaccommodate new technologies and emergent behaviors

Focus on Focus on systems architecturesystems architecture to effectively integrate off-the- to effectively integrate off-the-shelf products, legacy systems, and new technologies shelf products, legacy systems, and new technologies

Complex interactionComplex interaction of multiple advanced technologies and of multiple advanced technologies and embedded intelligence, with embedded intelligence, with human/system interfacehuman/system interface becoming highly sophisticated and complex.becoming highly sophisticated and complex.

Simulation, adaptive systems, sensors for condition monitoring, Simulation, adaptive systems, sensors for condition monitoring, robotics, virtual devices, and other robotics, virtual devices, and other advanced technologies advanced technologies will enable new capabilitieswill enable new capabilities

Systems opportunitiesSystems opportunities include anti-terrorism/conflict resolution, include anti-terrorism/conflict resolution, environmental, resource management, healthcare, energy environmental, resource management, healthcare, energy generation/distribution, general upgrading to new military generation/distribution, general upgrading to new military paradigms, space (including search for natural resources), paradigms, space (including search for natural resources), and infrastructure modernizationand infrastructure modernization

In general, how is the field of In general, how is the field of systems engineering evolving?systems engineering evolving?


Systems Engineering EvolutionSystems Engineering Evolution Systems engineering is evolving as a Systems engineering is evolving as a broader and broader and

more multi-faceted fieldmore multi-faceted field,, as the problems and as the problems and challenges of this century are solved better by systems challenges of this century are solved better by systems

approaches, rather than through application of approaches, rather than through application of technology alone. technology alone.

Systems engineering is essential to successfully design, develop, and sustain the highly complex systems of the 21st century. (photo credit: INCOSE)


Selected Perspectives on…..Selected Perspectives on…..SYSTEMS ENGINEERING EVOLUTIONSYSTEMS ENGINEERING EVOLUTION

There is a critical need to ensure There is a critical need to ensure systems engineering focus systems engineering focus is broad, increasingly embracing “non-technical” is broad, increasingly embracing “non-technical” parametersparameters with focus on complete life cycles, value with focus on complete life cycles, value streams, risk management, and opportunity management. streams, risk management, and opportunity management.

Systems, more than ever, will need to effectively Systems, more than ever, will need to effectively accommodate technology, politics, economics, people, accommodate technology, politics, economics, people, culture, environment, geographyculture, environment, geography, and other factors. , and other factors.

Many serious problems we now confront are generic Many serious problems we now confront are generic systems problems, and not uniquely and only component systems problems, and not uniquely and only component and materials problems. We face and materials problems. We face system-of-systems system-of-systems challenges that are increasingly global and overarchingchallenges that are increasingly global and overarching, , involving interdisciplinary team efforts. involving interdisciplinary team efforts.

As knowledge expands, engineering specialists will need to As knowledge expands, engineering specialists will need to take a deeper and narrower focus, while the take a deeper and narrower focus, while the systems systems engineer will need to cover an even broader perspectiveengineer will need to cover an even broader perspective. .

How does the practice of systems How does the practice of systems engineering need to evolve to engineering need to evolve to

address these 21address these 21stst century century system challenges?system challenges?


Systems Engineering PracticeSystems Engineering Practice

There will be growing recognition that the There will be growing recognition that the organization, its organization, its programs, and the underlying infrastructure are all programs, and the underlying infrastructure are all

systemssystems, with focus on lean extended enterprises. New , with focus on lean extended enterprises. New methods and toolsmethods and tools will enable effectively addressing will enable effectively addressing

complex systems challengescomplex systems challenges..

The engineering development environment will provide the capability for increased prototyping, modeling, simulation, and experimentation. As an example, Draper Laboratory's Rapid Prototyping Center allows engineers to create and evaluate concept models and functional prototypes early in the design process. (photo credit: The

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., with permission)


Selected Perspectives on… Selected Perspectives on… SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRACTICESYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRACTICE

Means of Means of collaboration will evolvecollaboration will evolve with increased with increased global teamwork, distance collaboration, and global teamwork, distance collaboration, and telecommutingtelecommuting

Harmonization of standardsHarmonization of standards will be essential for will be essential for interdisciplinary collaboration in complex systems interdisciplinary collaboration in complex systems

Computerization of the development processComputerization of the development process will will continue to evolve, enabled by advances in continue to evolve, enabled by advances in methodologies and tools methodologies and tools

Capability models serve as an Capability models serve as an enabler for integration enabler for integration of an enterpriseof an enterprise from a process perspective from a process perspective


Selected Perspectives on… Selected Perspectives on… SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRACTICESYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRACTICE

Increased use of Increased use of model-based techniques and experimentationmodel-based techniques and experimentation, , modeling and simulation, and seamless “cradle to grave” modeling and simulation, and seamless “cradle to grave” databanks databanks

Greater attention to representing and Greater attention to representing and analyzing emergent and analyzing emergent and adaptive behavioradaptive behavior

Methods to better explore alternative architectures and Methods to better explore alternative architectures and assess assess constraints/impacts within a system-of-systems contextconstraints/impacts within a system-of-systems context will will become increasingly important become increasingly important


What is Good Systems Engineering? What is Good Systems Engineering?

““Classical” viewClassical” view

Effective transformation of customer requirements to Effective transformation of customer requirements to design design

Requirements clearly specified and frozen early in Requirements clearly specified and frozen early in lifecycle lifecycle

Emphasis on minimizing changes and verifying Emphasis on minimizing changes and verifying requirements requirements

System designed to meet well specified set of System designed to meet well specified set of requirements and performance objectives specified requirements and performance objectives specified at project start at project start

Focus on reliability, maintainability, and availability of Focus on reliability, maintainability, and availability of the system the system


What is Good Systems Engineering? What is Good Systems Engineering?

““Expanded” viewExpanded” view Effective transformation of stakeholder needs to fielded Effective transformation of stakeholder needs to fielded

(and sustainable) system (and sustainable) system Focuses on capabilities of system/systems-of-systems, Focuses on capabilities of system/systems-of-systems,

with recognition of complex interdependencies of with recognition of complex interdependencies of system and enterprise system and enterprise

Emphasizes an expanded set of “ilities” and continuous Emphasizes an expanded set of “ilities” and continuous validation of stakeholder needs validation of stakeholder needs

Systems architecting grows in importance, supported by Systems architecting grows in importance, supported by a model-based approach to development -- formal a model-based approach to development -- formal methods and executable requirements methods and executable requirements

Spiral development approach for designing system to Spiral development approach for designing system to accommodate changes in mission, requirements, accommodate changes in mission, requirements, threats, new technologiesthreats, new technologies


Evolving Systems Engineering Evolving Systems Engineering Systems ArchitectingSystems Architecting

Systems architecting as science Systems architecting as science

Interrelationship of architecting system and enterpriseInterrelationship of architecting system and enterprise

Architecture views and frameworks Architecture views and frameworks

Systems architect as a certified professional roleSystems architect as a certified professional role

Critical Questions Critical Questions

Can systems be predicatively architected? Can systems be predicatively architected?

How should we evaluate alternative architectures? How should we evaluate alternative architectures?

How can models/visualization environments be used? How can models/visualization environments be used?

Can systems be rigorously architected with a specific goal of Can systems be rigorously architected with a specific goal of flexibility, extensibility, sustainability, or agility? flexibility, extensibility, sustainability, or agility?


Evolving Systems Engineering Evolving Systems Engineering Model-based SEModel-based SE

Model-based approachesModel-based approaches

Executable requirements Executable requirements

Systems Modeling Language™ (SysML™) Systems Modeling Language™ (SysML™)

Rapid prototyping and simulation Rapid prototyping and simulation


When/how should model-based approaches be used? When/how should model-based approaches be used?

Do formal modeling languages result in better systems? Do formal modeling languages result in better systems?

Do model-based approaches contribute to evaluating and Do model-based approaches contribute to evaluating and implementing changes and innovations?implementing changes and innovations?


Evolving Systems Engineering Evolving Systems Engineering Spiral Approach/New “ilities”Spiral Approach/New “ilities”

Spiral approach to development with stakeholder Spiral approach to development with stakeholder validation as continuous activity validation as continuous activity

Emphasis on flexibility, agility, scalability, robustness...Emphasis on flexibility, agility, scalability, robustness...

Significant challenges in planning and coordinating Significant challenges in planning and coordinating spirals in complex system-of-systems spirals in complex system-of-systems


How should processes be adapted for spiral approach? How should processes be adapted for spiral approach?

Can systems “optimize” for selected “ilities”?Can systems “optimize” for selected “ilities”?

Can the “ilities” be mathematically defined? What are the Can the “ilities” be mathematically defined? What are the relationships between them?relationships between them?


Evolving Systems Engineering Evolving Systems Engineering Uncertainty ManagementUncertainty Management

Uncertainty drives risk… but also opportunity Uncertainty drives risk… but also opportunity Retaining some level of uncertainty during development Retaining some level of uncertainty during development may be desirable may be desirable Uncertainty can be managed in quantitative manner Uncertainty can be managed in quantitative manner

Critical Questions Critical Questions What are methods for multi-attribute trade analysis? What are methods for multi-attribute trade analysis? How can engineers use real-options approach effectively? How can engineers use real-options approach effectively? How can we mature, validate, and automate methods for How can we mature, validate, and automate methods for

uncertainty management? uncertainty management? How do we apply uncertainty management to system-of-How do we apply uncertainty management to system-of-

systems, family-of-systems, and product familiessystems, family-of-systems, and product families


Evolving Systems Engineering Evolving Systems Engineering Value-based SE Value-based SE

SE processes recognized as sound, SE processes recognized as sound, but not always applied effectively but not always applied effectively ““Lean” provides an approach to maximize value while Lean” provides an approach to maximize value while minimizing wasted effort minimizing wasted effort Synergies of lean practices and SE practices are being Synergies of lean practices and SE practices are being explored … explored …

Critical Questions Critical Questions Do the synergies of lean practices and SE practices result Do the synergies of lean practices and SE practices result

in new concepts?in new concepts?Does a value-based approach result in increased potential Does a value-based approach result in increased potential

for innovationfor innovation??

+ Systems Engineering


Evolving Systems Engineering Evolving Systems Engineering New Collaborative VenuesNew Collaborative Venues

Concept Design Centers as a venue Concept Design Centers as a venue for collaboration in concept phase for collaboration in concept phase Rapid prototyping and Visualization Labs as a means Rapid prototyping and Visualization Labs as a means for early interaction between designers and other for early interaction between designers and other stakeholdersstakeholdersIncentivized competitive projects such as Grand Incentivized competitive projects such as Grand Challenges and Design CompetitionsChallenges and Design Competitions

Critical Questions Critical Questions How are the new collaborative venues best used to How are the new collaborative venues best used to

foster innovation in the development process? foster innovation in the development process? Do initiatives such as Grand Challenges and Design Do initiatives such as Grand Challenges and Design

Competitions accelerate systems engineering Competitions accelerate systems engineering innovation? innovation?


Evolving Systems Engineering for Evolving Systems Engineering for Innovative Product and Systems Innovative Product and Systems DevelopmentDevelopment

What is innovation in the context of (large What is innovation in the context of (large scale) product/systems development? scale) product/systems development?

How is systems engineering evolving to How is systems engineering evolving to address complex innovation challenges? address complex innovation challenges?

What are the implications for What are the implications for research & education?research & education?


Education and ResearchEducation and Research As systems engineering and related disciplines evolve As systems engineering and related disciplines evolve

to meet the challenges of this new century, there will beto meet the challenges of this new century, there will be associated enabling changes in engineering education.associated enabling changes in engineering education.

Design competitions provide an excellent educational experience for student teams. Shown in the photo above is a view of the RoboCup 2003 International Robotics Competition (photo credit: Patrick Riley, with permission).


Selected Perspectives on…..Selected Perspectives on…..ENGINEERING EDUCATIONENGINEERING EDUCATION

All engineers will be educated as problem solvers with All engineers will be educated as problem solvers with broader knowledgebroader knowledge of systems, human behavior, geo- of systems, human behavior, geo-political constraints, legal and regulatory laws political constraints, legal and regulatory laws

Engineers will be educated to Engineers will be educated to design for changedesign for change and for the and for the “promises of technology”“promises of technology”

Increasingly, universities will have Increasingly, universities will have capstone projectscapstone projects with a with a significant amount of complexity involved significant amount of complexity involved

There will be a There will be a growing number of international design growing number of international design competitionscompetitions from airplanes to race cars to robotics and from airplanes to race cars to robotics and others others

Systems engineering will experience a Systems engineering will experience a convergence in convergence in curriculacurricula, while retaining , while retaining unique value of each universityunique value of each university


Selected Perspectives on…..Selected Perspectives on…..

ENGINEERING RESEARCHENGINEERING RESEARCH

CollaborationCollaboration in education and research between in education and research between government, industry and academia will increasegovernment, industry and academia will increase

There will be a There will be a better understanding of what better understanding of what constitutes systems researchconstitutes systems research, and funds available , and funds available from companies and government from companies and government

Outstanding universities will couple practice-oriented Outstanding universities will couple practice-oriented and theoretical research to achieve and theoretical research to achieve research research project synergies project synergies

Design laboratories will advance researchDesign laboratories will advance research and and provide enriched educational opportunities provide enriched educational opportunities


Common Criticisms of Systems EngineeringCommon Criticisms of Systems Engineering Inhibitors to InnovationInhibitors to Innovation

Too focused on process execution and not enough on Too focused on process execution and not enough on system/system properties system/system properties

Focuses too quickly specifying requirements without Focuses too quickly specifying requirements without adequately exploring desired system behavior adequately exploring desired system behavior

Often applied at the subsystem and sometimes at the Often applied at the subsystem and sometimes at the systems level – but rarely at the system-of-systems level – but rarely at the system-of-systems/enterprise level systems/enterprise level

Assumes the system context as a constraint rather Assumes the system context as a constraint rather than variablethan variable


Contemporary Systems Contemporary Systems EngineeringEngineering

Systems of systems

Extended enterprises

Network-centric paradigm

Delivering value to society

Sustainability of systems

Design for flexibility

Managing uncertainty

Predictability of systems

Spiral capable processes

Model-based engineering

… and more

This requires a broader field of study for future systems leaders and the enabling changes in the educational system…


MIT Engineering

Systems Division New Education Model

MLOG

TPP

LFM ESD

SDMENGINEERING

SYSTEMS

PoliticalEconomy

Economics,Statistics

Systems Theory

OrganizationalTheory

Operations Research/Systems Analysis

System Architecture& Eng /ProductDevelopment

EngineeringManagement

Technology & Policy

CTL- Center for Transportation

& Logistics

CIPD - Center for Innovation

in Product Development

CTPID - Centerfor Technology, Policy,

& Industrial Development

IPC - Industrial Performance Center

TPP - Technology & Policy Program

MLOG -Logistics & Supply Chains

ESD Doctoral Program

ESD SM Program

SDM - Systems Design & Management

LFM - Leadersfor Manufacturing

ENGINEERING SYSTEMS is a field of study taking an integrative holistic view of large-

scale, complex, technologically-enabled systems with significant enterprise level

interactions and socio-technical interfaces.


Systems Engineering Perspective Engineering Systems Perspective

Policy Viewed as fixed and constraining system solution

Viewed as variables --can be created or adapted to optimize overall solution

Socio-technical

Viewed as consideration in engineering

Viewed as primary in an overall system solution

Stakeholders Primary focus on customer and end-users with secondary focus on other stakeholders

Balanced focus on all stakeholders impacted by engineering system -- product, enterprise, environment

Focus Applied to product system Applied to both product system and enterprise system

Practitioners System architects, systems engineers, related specialists performing systems engineering process

System architects, enterprise architects, engineers, operations analysis, project managers, policy makers, social scientists, and many others involved in total engineering system

Future Vision Predictably develop systems with optimized performance for value to satisfy primary stakeholders

Predictably develop sustainable engineering systems with optimized value to society as a whole

Engineering Systems Broadens the Innovation Playing Field


Complexity of Complexity of 2121st st century is century is

changing how we changing how we engineer engineer

systems…systems…

Systems are more Systems are more complex and collaborativecomplex and collaborative than ever before, and must than ever before, and must adapt to changesadapt to changes in mission and environment in mission and environment

Systems need to be Systems need to be expandable, scalableexpandable, scalable,, and and designed to accommodate new cdesigned to accommodate new capabilitiesapabilities

Advances inAdvances in computing technology, new computing technology, new infrastructure, and advanced methodsinfrastructure, and advanced methods provide engineers with ability to do things provide engineers with ability to do things not previously possible not previously possible

We face new challenges in effectively defining, We face new challenges in effectively defining, trading-off, and converging on the trading-off, and converging on the extended extended enterpriseenterprise stakeholder needsstakeholder needs

System-of-Systems * Family of Systems * Product Families * Network Centric Systems



Innovation may occur at Innovation may occur at multiple levelsmultiple levels of the of the system – component level innovation may impact system – component level innovation may impact system behavior at broad system level system behavior at broad system level

Innovation in Innovation in enterprise system and product enterprise system and product systemsystem are intimately linked are intimately linked

Innovation Innovation at the interfacesat the interfaces is just as important as is just as important as component level innovationscomponent level innovations

Current decisions may be made in a manner Current decisions may be made in a manner which will which will set up possibility for innovationset up possibility for innovation in in future future

Innovators need to think in Innovators need to think in multiple dimensionsmultiple dimensions with sensitivity to time, context, and stakeholders with sensitivity to time, context, and stakeholders

As As complexity increasescomplexity increases, so too does the , so too does the difficulty difficulty of innovation and the potential valueof innovation and the potential value of of innovationinnovation


Summary Summary

Innovative products and systems of the 21st century, particularly for large scale engineering systems, will be enabled by the evolution of systems engineering

Advancements in systems education and research are key to effectively address the complex innovation scenarios we face

dr. donna rhodes evolving systems engineering for innovative product and systems development

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