dr. eleanor’s book of common ants of new york city
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Introduction
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/seeu/dr/restrict/modules/images/scepschm.jpeghttp://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/seeu/dr/restrict/modules/images/scepschm.jpeghttp://www.kzoo.edu/http://www.kzoo.edu/http://www.kzoo.edu/http://www.kzoo.edu/http://seedmagazine.com/interactive/workbench/james-danoff-burg/http://seedmagazine.com/interactive/workbench/james-danoff-burg/http://www.robrdunn.com/2007/01/bearing-down-on-the-smokies/http://www.robrdunn.com/2007/01/bearing-down-on-the-smokies/ -
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http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/Entomology/about.htmlhttp://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/Entomology/about.htmlhttp://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/Entomology/about.htmlhttp://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/Entomology/about.html -
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Just like in other landscapes, ants provide important ecosystem
functions in New York City. Here ants are taking care of a roach carcass.
Photo Gallery
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http://www.robrdunn.com/2011/01/confessions-of-a-stone-turner/http://www.robrdunn.com/2011/01/confessions-of-a-stone-turner/ -
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Biologists love flipping
logs. Give it a try to see
what might be living
beneath...
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You never know what you may find when you start collecting ants.
Our cities, parks and backyards may be some of our most
overlooked wild spaces. - Alex Wild
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The exotic Asian Needle Ant was collected for the first (and only) time in
New York City by a student in Manhattan. - Alex Wild
Photo Gallery
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013222http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013222http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013222http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013222http://www.robrdunn.com/2011/04/man-discovers-a-new-life-form-at-a-south-african-truck-stop/http://www.robrdunn.com/2011/04/man-discovers-a-new-life-form-at-a-south-african-truck-stop/ -
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Undergraduate Ryanna Henderson hard at work sampling
arthropods in NYC mediums. - Elsa Youngsteadt
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Dr. Amy Savage is leading e!orts to study and better understand thelives of ants in New York City. - Holly Menninger
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A word cloud of ant species collected in NewYork City by Dr. Amy Savage and her team
(name sizes based on occurrence data in
urban parks, forest and medians).
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Credits
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Ants1
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Complete metamorphosis: Ants pass through egg, larva, and pupastages on their way to adulthood. - Alex Wild
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A male leaves the nest and climbs high to embark on his mating flight. - Alex Wild
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Most folks recognize these sandy desert mounds as a typical ant nest.But ants build their homes in an amazing variety of structures and
places. - Alex Wild
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Carpenter Ant2
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Follow her home to
the nest!
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Black carpenter ants prefer to
nest in living, standing trees, but will also nest
in logs and wood in human structures.
What it eats:Omnivores, black carpenter ants
eat protein-rich foods, including other insects,
as well as sugary foods, such as plant nectar.
NYC notes:Carpenter ants can be found
anywhere in New York where there are trees
nearby. They have been found on Broadway, in
front of the Lion King and nearly anywhere else
there is a trunk in which to raise babies and
hide from bright lights.
A worker out foraging in the canopy. - Alex Wild
Photo Gallery
Movie
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Black carpenter ants tending aphids on poplar. - Dick Walton
Movie
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School of Ants Map
North American distribution of the eastern black carpenter ant. Visit
www.schoolofants.org/species/1166for an interactive version.
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Lasius Ant3
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Many Lasiusants prefer open
spaces, and will set up their anthills in grassy
areas like golf courses or tra#c medians.
Sometimes they nest under stones or in logs.
What it eats:Aphid experts, Lasiusants tend
aphids like cattle, milking them for honeydew
and sometimes killing them for a big aphidsteak.
NYC notes:Lasius neonigerloves the
medians, where it thrives, though just what it is
doing there needs to be studied. Lasius
alienuscan be found anywhere it finds a patch
of open ground, where it makes a nest in the
ground in which the inside of its tunnels are
arranged so that the smooth sides of the
stones all point toward the inside, to make
smooth-bricked walkways for tender, tiny feet.
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Excavated soil outside a Lasius neoniger nest entrance resembles a little
volcano. - Alex Wild
Photo Gallery
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A Lasius queen tucked away with her young larvae in a chamber just
below the soil surface . - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the Lasius ant (Lasius alienus). Visit
www.schoolofants.org/species/1852for an interactive version.
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Pavement Ant4
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Pavement ants most often nest
under bricks or pavement, but they are also
found in grassy areas near sidewalks and even
in extreme environments, like salt marshes.
What it eats:Ultimate opportunists, pavement
ants eat anything from dead insects to
honeydew, a sugary food planthoppers
produce. They also dine on pollen, food in your
kitchen, and garbage.
NYC notes:Here is an ant with a New York
ethos. It is, we suspect, more common
beneath the cement of sidewalks and roads
than anywhere else. Something about the
cement becomes it. Maybe it likes the heat.
Maybe it likes the vibration of the road. Maybe
it likes being close to New Yorks exciting
human life.
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Two colonies of pavement ants battle for territory. - Alex Wild
Photo Gallery
Take a closer look at the
battle raging down below.
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the pavement ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/119for an interactive version.
School of Ants Map
Odoro s Ho se Ant5
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Odorous House Ant5
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Odorous house ants nest
indoors (under sinks and doormats and in
insulation and dishwashers) and outdoors
(under rocks and in garbage cans, potted
plants and exposed soil).
What it eats:Honeydew, a sugary liquid made
by the small insects aphids and scales, and
other sugary food left out by humans. Odorous
house ants also eat dead insects and spiders.
NYC notes:Everywhere in North America, this
ant can be found in really urban habitats and
homes and is more rare in forests and open
grasslands. Not in New York. In New York,
Tapinoma sessileis common in forests but rare
in the most urban parts of the city. Do youknow why? We dont have a clue.
Photo Gallery
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Odorous house ants can have multiple egg-laying queens in the samecolony. - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the odorous house ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/118for an interactive version.
Crazy Ant6
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Crazy Ant6
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Nylanderiaarent choosy about
where to nest and can nest under trees or in
your potted plants.
What it eats:Nuts for sugar, Nylanderiaprefer
sweet syrups produced by aphids, but will
snack on human garbage or scavenge for
insects if they get the chance.
NYC notes:This is the ant the students of
Columbia College found in the Frontiers of
Science project thanks to the leadership of
James Dano!-Burg. It is everywhere (in 28 of
48 places sampled so far in New York City)
and may well have been for decades,
ubiquitous but unnoticed. We know little about
this ant. If I were a teacher in New York City, Idcollect some colonies. Id watch them, learn
their ways. Discoveries await.
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Crazy ants will tend aphids and scale insects for their sweet secretions. -
Alex Wild
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A Raspberry crazy ant, the craziest of the crazies. - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the crazy ant (Nylanderia flavipes). Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/1470for an interactive version.
Winter Ant7
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Winter ants nest deep in the
soil near tree bases or in open ground, like
lawns.
What it eats:While winter ants wont pass up
the opportunity for a sugary snack, these
ladies prefer protein-packed food, noshing on
other insects unlucky enough to endure
winters chill.
NYC notes:Even though it gets very cold in
New York, Prenolepis imparisstill hangs out in
the fall and spring. On a cold fall day, a day
that seems too cold for ants, you can
sometimes find these lovelies on park
benches, their bellies golden with sugar, as
they pause to catch a chance sun ray.Discoveries await.
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The beautiful winter ant, also known as the false honeypot ant. - Alex Wild
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The winter ant queen, in all her glory! - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the winter ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/96for an interactive version.
Field Ant8
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Field ants generally build their
nests against trees, under rocks, or in logs.
What it eats:More bu!et-style than picky
eaters, field ants love sugar like aphid
honeydew, soft-bodied insects like caterpillars,
and seed husks.
NYC notes:These big, lovely ants can befound everywhere in the city but are nowhere
common. If you spot them, know it was a
special moment. Take a picture. Send us a
note. Or just enjoy.
Photo Gallery
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This foraging Formica incerta is a beautiful deep red. You may see her
visiting your urban garden. - Alex Wild
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A Formica pallidefulva forages for nectar on a dandelion in the park. -
Alex Wild
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Slave-making ants (Polyergus mexicanus) have just raided a Formica
subsericea nest and made o!with field ant pupae. - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the field ant (Formica subsericea). Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/1174for an interactive version.
Asian Needle Ant9
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Urban Life
Where it lives:In forests, Asian needle ants
nest in rotting logs, under leaves and mulch,
and under rocks. In human environments,
Asian needle ants can nest anywhere from
potted plants to under doormats, in
landscaping materials, and under dog bowls.
What it eats:While they loves termites, Asian
needle ants will eat pretty much anything theycan find, from dead insects to other ants to
human garbage.
NYC notes:In New York state, the Asian
needle ant has been found several times, but
in New York City it has been spotted just once,
in one median, and when Marko Pe$arevi$
went back to look for it the next year, it was
gone, missing without explanation like the lost
colonists of Roanoke.
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Photo Gallery
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The Asian needle ant captures a termite and delivers a wallop of a sting.- Alex Wild
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School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the Asian needle ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/1157for an interactive version.
Winnow Ant10
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Winnow ants prefer to nest in
rotting wood, but will nest anywhere from soil
in open areas to human garbage.
What it eats:The tasty outer coating of seeds
and other insects like termites. Winnow ants
also like sugary foods.
NYC notes:Winnow ants and their close
relatives are rare in the most cement-caked
parts of the city, but in the refuge provided by
the big parks they remains common, found in
eight of 13 forests sampled by Amy Savage
and colleagues, for example.
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Two Aphaenogaster foragers are attracted to the ripe elaiosomes ofsome fallen bloodroot seeds. - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the winnow ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/1160for an interactive version.
Big Headed Ant11
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Pheidole bicarinata workers gather around to scavenge the carcass of astink bug. - Alex Wild
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Some examples of di!erent big headed ant species. Here is Pheidolerhea, North America's largest Pheidole species. - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the big headed ant (Pheidole tysoni).Visit www.schoolofants.org/species/136for an interactive version.
Little Black Ant12
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Urban Life
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Urban Life
Where it lives:Little black ants can make their
nests outdoors, in forests, or right in your
backyard, often under rocks and tree bark.
What it eats:Sugary liquid called honeydew,
made by small insects called aphids and
scales. Also, dead insects, spiders, and your
trash.
NYC notes:Although these ants are generally
abundant where people live, they dont seem
to survive everywhere in New York. They need,
for reasons we dont know, parks.
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Monomorium minimum workers tidying up the entrance to their nest. - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the little black ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/2152for an interactive version.
Thief Ant13
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Urban Life
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U ba e
Where it lives:Thief ants nest underground inforests and open, grassy areas. They also like
to nest in human structures. They particularly
like nesting near other ant species nests.
What it eats:Tiny ants with big appetites, thief
ants prefer protein like dead insects.
NYC notes:Thief ants love New York. They
can be found everywhere. They rise out of
cracks. They climb buildings. They show up on
rooftops. They are abundant and incredible
and always there.
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A colony of tiny thief ants scrambles for cover when its nest gets
disturbed. - Alex Wild
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School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the thief ant. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/2152for an interactive version.
Acrobat Ant14
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Urban Life
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Where it lives:Most often, you will findacrobat ants nesting under bark in trees, the
forest floor, or rotting wood, but sometimes
they wander into our homes, snuggling their
nests in tight spots like between shingles and
in the walls.
What it eats:Primarily sugar lovers, acrobat
ants sometimes take a break from lapping
honeydew o!aphids rear ends to forage on
protein like dead insects.
NYC notes:Two species of Acrobat ants have
been found in the city, Crematogaster cerasi
and Crematogaster laeviuscula. Both have
been found just once. Here then are two rare
Southern gems making their way among
Yankees.
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A forager up in the trees, feeding on nectar. - Alex Wild
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An acrobat ant queen receiving a lot of attention from her dedicatedworkers (C. lineolata). - Alex Wild
School of Ants Map
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North American distribution of the acrobat ant (Crematogaster cerasi).Visit www.schoolofants.org/species/1167for an interactive version.
Another kind of guest, the Myrmecophilus ant cricket, hangs out in an
acrobat ant nest. - Alex Wild
Honeyrump Ant15
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Brachymyrmexs thin skin means it needs to hang out in moist places. -
Alex Wild
Urban Life
School of Ants Map
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Where it lives:Beneath the soils surface.
What it eats:Brachymyrmexsnack on
underground bugs like root aphids and
sometimes scavenge for sweet treats above
ground.
NYC notes:This lovely little ant has been
found in the grassy, open habitats of three of
the 14 parks sampled in Manhattan and in five
of 13 forests. It isnt so choosy, though it has
not yet been spotted in medians or out on the
hot cement.
North American distribution of Brachymyrmex depilis. Visitwww.schoolofants.org/species/3734for an interactive version.
References
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