dr. fahad albadr. at the end of the lecture, students should be able to: position describe the...
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Dr. fahad albadr
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At the end of the lecture, students should At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:be able to:
Describe the positionposition of the pituitary gland.
List the structures relatedthe structures related to the pituitary gland.
Differentiate between the lobes of the the lobes of the glandgland.
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It is referred to as the master of endocrine glandsmaster of endocrine glands.It is a small oval structure 1 cm in diameter.
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X-RAY SKULL: LATERAL VIEW
SAGITTAL SECTION OF HEAD & NECK
Hypophyseal fossa
Sphenoidal air sinus
Pituitarygland
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It lies in the middle cranial fossa
It is well protected in sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa) of body of sphenoid
Sella turcica
POSITION
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it lies between optic chiasma optic chiasma (anteriorly) & mamillary bodies mamillary bodies (posteriorly).
Mamillary body
Optic chiasma
Body of sphenoid
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A fold of dura mater (Diaphragma sellae) covers the pituitary gland & has an opening for passage of infundibulum (pituitary
stalk) connecting the gland to hypothalamus.
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SUPERIORSUPERIOR: : Diaphragma sellaeINFERIOR: INFERIOR: Sphenoidal air sinuses
LATERAL:LATERAL: Cavernous sinuses
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The gland is subdivided into:
1) Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis): it is the it is the True gland, Secretes hormones
2) Posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis): connected to hypothalamus through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tracthypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, Stores hormones secreted by hypothalamic nuclei
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
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ARTERIES: ARTERIES: Superior & inferior hypophyseal arteries (branches of internal carotid artery)
VEINS:VEINS: Hypophyseal veins drain into Cavernous Sinuses.
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Superior hypophyseal: Superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system).(hypophyseal portal system).Inferior hypophysealInferior hypophyseal: : supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
a hypothalamo-hypophseal portal vessel
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Hormone-releasing & Hormone-releasing & inhibiting factors inhibiting factors produced by hypothalamus use Hypophyseal Portal System of vessels to reach the Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
ANTERIOR LOBE
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The neurohypophysis The neurohypophysis receives a nerve supply from receives a nerve supply from
some of the hypothalamic some of the hypothalamic nuclei (nuclei (supraoptic supraoptic & &
paraventricularparaventricular) ) The axons of these nuclei The axons of these nuclei
convey convey their neurosecretion neurosecretion to the Posterior lobe of pituitary gland through Hypothalamo-
Hypophyseal tract from where it passes into the blood
stream.
POSTERIOR LOBE
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The gland is composed of two parts:Anterior lobe (adeno hypophysis)Posterior lobe (neuro hypophysis)
Normal size:Weight: 0.5gHeight: 4-12 mmAnterior posterior: 5-16 mm
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Hormonal dysfunctionCushing syndromeGrowth abnormalities e.g. Growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly
Visual abnormalitiesheadache
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What is best modality to image the pituitary gland ?
A. X rayB. CT scanC. MRID. USE. Nuclear medicine
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What is best modality to image the pituitary gland ?
A. X rayB. CT scan
C.MRI D. USE. Nuclear medicine
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CT scan MRI
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CT scan MRI
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1-Optic sulcus2- Anterior clinoid process3-Floor of sella turcia (Pituitary fossa)4- Posterior clinoid process 5- Dorsum sella6- Sphenoid sinus
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1 -pituitary gland
2 -sphenoid sinus
3 -optic chiasm4 -
hypothalamus5 -pituitary
stalk6 -claivus
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NORMAL PITUITARY ADENOMA
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Pituitary gland
Optic chiasm
Pituitary stalk
Carotid artery
Cavernous sinus Sphenoid
sinus
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