dr. gargi roysircar building community resilience in ...€¦ · 100 slides. self-care is a...
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Dr.Gargi RoysircarBuildingCommunityResilienceinMississippi
FundedbyFoundationfortheMidSouth
InPartnershipwithTheAmericanRedCrossHurricaneRecoveryProgram
¨ASelectSampleofSlidesfromaPowerpointPresentationof100slides
Self-careisamultidimensionalconceptinwhichtheinterdependencyofmentalandphysicalwell-beingcreatesanenhancedqualityoflifeandsenseofpersonalfulfillment
Ideally,self-careispracticedinsevenfunctionaldomains:emotional,physical,spiritual,intellectual,social,relational,andsafety/security
Bytheendofthisworkshop,participantswillhavelearnedhowto:
¨ promote,ensure,and/orrestorementalandphysicalhealth
¨ prevent,manage,orrecoverfromdisease,injury,ortrauma
¨ achieveanoverallsenseofpersonalwell-being
Disasterresponseworkersareexposedtoavarietyofstressors,including:
¨ Physicallydemanding/unpleasantworkconditions¨ Excessiveworkload,longhours,chronicfatigue¨ Lackofprivacy/personalspace¨ Separationfromfamily/concernsaboutfamilywell-being¨ Constantexposuretochronicfear/uncertainty¨ Repeatedexposuretoothers’traumatization/tragedies¨ Feelinghelplessandfutileinthefaceofoverwhelming
communityneed¨ Anguishresultingfromneedtotriage¨ Guiltoveraccesstoresourcesothersdonothave(Ehrenreich&Elliott,2004)
¨ JobBurnout¨ VicariousTraumatization(VT)¨ SecondaryTraumaticStress(STS)¨ TraumaticCountertransference(TC)¨ CompassionFatigue
Thereisnogeneralconsensusontheoperationaldefinitionofresilience(Newman,2005)
Forthisworkshopwewilldefineresilienceas“effectivecopingandadaptationinthefaceofmajorlifestress”(Tedeschi&Kilmer,2005,p.231).
Thefirstassumptioninthisdefinitionisthatresiliencebeginswithsomeformofobstacle,trauma,oradverseevent
Individualsencounterasituationthatchallengesthemonsomepersonalleveltoutilizeresourcesinordertoovercomethesituation
Thesecondassumptionforresilienceisthespecificationofresources,bothinternalandexternal,thatpeopledrawupontoovercomethesesituations
Resourcesassociatedwithresilienceincludepersonalitytraitsanddeliberateactions
Resilientbehaviorsinclude:optimism,perspectivetaking,establishingandachievinggoals,self-confidence,andsustainingpositiverelationships(Newman,2000)
Friborg etal.(2006)listedfivefactorsofresilience:personalstrength,socialcompetence,structuredstyle,familycohesion,andsocialresources
Friborg etal.’sstudyindicatedthathigherlevelsamongthefivefactorsresultedinasignificantincreaseinresiliencetowardsincreasinglystressfulsituations
Resiliencecanalsobeunderstoodaslearningovertimefromone’ssurvivorexperiences,learningfromone’scommunityofsufferers,and“bouncingback”(Roysircar,2008)
Varyinglevelsofresiliencemitigateagainstvaryinglevelsofstress
Friborg etal.(2006)suggestthatindividualswithhighlevelsofresiliencearecapableofdealingwithhigherlevelsofstress
Tedeschi andKilmer(2005)assertthatbyidentifyingprotectiveresiliencefactors,onecancombatagainsttraumaandincreasethechancesforhealthyadjustment
Additionally,caregiverscanlocatefactorsandsystemsoutsidetheindividualthatenhanceresiliency(Tedeschi &Kilmer,2005)
Resiliencecanalsobedefinedaseffectivecopingandadaptationinthefaceofmajorlifestress(Tedeschi &Kilmer,2005)
Resiliencediffersfrompost-traumaticgrowth,whichinvolvespositivechangesthatoccurinadultsastheresultofattemptstocopeintheaftermathoftraumaticlifeevents
Thesechangesincludeimprovedrelationships,newlifepossibilities,greaterappreciationforlife,greatersenseofpersonalstrength,andspiritualdevelopment
Overall,post-traumaticgrowthprovidesadultswithanincreasedsenseoftheirowncapacitiestosurviveandprevail
Identifying,accepting,andexpressingarangeoffeelings
¨ Researchindicatesthereisanimportantconnectionbetweenemotionsandhealth(Frederickson,2000)
¨ Disasterresponseworkersandcaregiversarelikelytoencounterpeopleandsituationsthatcauseintenseemotionsofanxiety,fear,anger,stress,andinsecurity
¨ Ifnoteffectivelyaddressed,thesefeelingscanhaveanegativeimpactonresponseworkers’well-being
FitnessNutritionGoodhealthpractices
Recentadvancesinpsychological,medical,andphysiologicalresearchhaveledtoanewwayofthinkingabouthealthandillness
Themind-bodyapproachisconcernedwithunderstandinghowbiology,behavior,andsocialcontextinfluencehealthandillness– theBiopsychosocialmodel(Engel,1980)
TheBiopsychosocialmodelviewshealthandillnessasproductsofbiologicalcharacteristics(geneticinheritance),behavioralfactors(lifestyle,stress,healthbeliefs),andsocialconditions(culturalinfluences,familyrelationships,socialsupport)
Mind-bodyfitnessisproducedbyacombinationofexerciseanddiet
Physicalactivityandnutritivefoodintake(optimalbalanceoffats,proteinsandcarbohydrates)helpregulatebrainandbodychemistry
Goodhealthpracticesalsoenhancemind-bodyfitnessthroughreducingoreliminatingnegativephysiologicaleffectsofsmoking,excessivealcoholconsumption,over-/underuseofdrugs,andperiodsofextendedwakefulness(sleeploss)
Theongoingsearchformeaningand/orreligiousunderstandingoflifeandbeyond
¨ Spiritualself-careaddressestheongoingsearchformeaningandunderstandinginlifeandwhatmayextendbeyond
¨ Fosteringspiritualself-careinvolvestheexplorationandexpressionofbeliefsandvaluesthatareshapedbyexperience
¨ Spiritualitymayalsobeexpressedthroughconnectionstonatureandtheworld,andmaybecharacterizedasanindividualsenseofpurpose
¨ Spiritualself-carecanbefacilitatedinnumerousways,fromsimplywatchingthesunrisetobecomingactiveinorganizedreligionorotherspiritualcommunities
¨ Thoughspiritualitymaybemanifestedthroughreligion,religionandspiritualityarenotsynonymous(McCormick,1994)
Researchindicatesreligiousinvolvementisafactorinincreasedlongevityandimprovedhealthoutcomes(Coruh,Ayele,Pugh,andMulligan,2005)
Religiousinvolvementhassomestress-bufferingeffectsininstanceswherepeopleareexperiencingmultiplenegativelifeevents(Schnittker,2001)
Religionalsobenefitspeople’smentalhealththroughincreasedsocialsupportandahealthierlifestyleduetoreligiousprohibitions(Coruhetal.,2005)
InterestinideasLearningCriticalthinkingCreativity
Intellectualself-careisaboutengagingregularlyincriticalthinkingandinquirytoexpandknowledgeandstimulatethemind
Atthemostbasiclevel,intellectualself-careinvolvesanabidinginterestinideas,learning,thinking,andcreativity
In1983,atheoryofmultipleintelligenceswasadvancedbyHowardGardnertoprovidepracticaldefinitionsofintelligencethatpaircognitiveskillswithculturallyvaluedactivities
Gardner’scategoriesofintelligenceinclude:¨ verbal¨ mathematical/logical¨ musical¨ spatial¨ kinesthetic/bodycontrol¨ intrapersonal(self-understanding)¨ interpersonal(socialunderstanding)
Investmentinrelationshipsoutsideoffamily
Socialself-carepertainstoregularinvestmentinrelationshipsoutsideofimmediatefamily
Itincludesestablishing,nurturing,andexpandingsocialnetworksandfriendshipsthroughcommunityinvolvement,groupaffiliation,andcontributiontocollectivecauses
Friendshipsmayprovideemotionalsupport,companionship,reciprocity,andproblem-solvingassistance
Therigorsofdisasterresponseworkoftenlimittimeforsocialself-care
Researchhasdemonstratedtheimportanceofdoingso– forexample,the2001HarvardMedicalSchool’sNurses’HealthStudyshowedthatfriendshipsamongwomenplayanimportantroleinenhancinghealthandqualityoflife
Thestudyconcludedthatthelackofatleastonegoodconfidanteisasdetrimentaltoawoman’shealthassmokingorobesity
Strengtheningrelationshipswithpartners,spouses,children,parents,andextendedfamily
Relationalself-carepertainstotheestablishment,development,andstrengtheningofrelationshipswithlifepartners,spouses,children,parents,andextendedfamily
Maintainingstrongfamilytiesisatthecoreofrelationalself-care
Peopleexpecttolivelonger,arereinforcedfortheirhealthyhabits,andimprovetheirhealthwhentheyreporthighlevelsoffamilialemotionalsupport,mediatedbytheperceptionthatonehassomeonetocallwhenoneissickorinneed(Ross&Mirowsky,2002)
Comfortwithpersonal,environmental,financial,andhomeplanning
Self-careforsafetyandsecurityinvolvespersonal,financial,andenvironmentalplanning
Toooften,safetyandsecurityissuesareonlyaddressedwhenathreat,breachofsafetyortraumaoccurs
Planningaheadcanalleviatesomeofthestressofanactualeventthroughcreatingasenseofpreparednessandgreatercontrol
¨ Developaplanofaction¨ Thinkaboutwhatcouldgowrongiftheactionplanis
implemented¨ Makealistofpossibleproblems¨ Prioritizethelistintermsofthemostseriousproblem
thatcouldhappen¨ Thinkaboutwaystokeepthemostseriousproblem
fromhappening¨ Thinkaboutwaystoreducetheeffectsiftheproblem
happensanyway(contingencyplanning)¨ Dothisforallofthepossibleproblemsonthelist