dr. john busbee, ceo - psma · good half cell cycle life is enabled by internal porosity,...
TRANSCRIPT
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BATTERY NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE AUTOMOTIVE
SPACE
EV Need:
Encreased Range
Faster “Fill-up”
Regenerative Charging
Improved Fire Safety
Longer Automotive Life
Lower Costs
Battery Need:
Higher Energy Density
Fast Charge
Regenerative Charging
Improved Fire Safety
Longer Automotive Life
Lower Costs
Battery Challenge:
Lower Power, Cycle Life
Lithium Plating, Heating
Charge Acceptance
Thermal, Shorting
Cycle Life
Processing, Materials
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TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
Al
Foil
Plastic
Separator
Fast Charging due to Metal Foam
Architecture:1. Li+ moves fast through in liquid through
pores to Silicon surface
2. Silicon is thin, so Li+ moves more quickly to
reaction site in middle of silicon
3. Electron moves fast through metal
scaffold to silicon surface
4. Electron moves quickly through thin silicon
to reaction site
XERION UNIQUE TECHNOLOGIES
RE-ENGINEERING BATTERY ARCHITECTURES
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BATTERY COST REDUCTIONDIRECTPLATETM
Electroplating bath:
made of lower purity raw materials
Electroplating process:
Minutes, not hours
Electroderinsing (in water) &
drying
Electrode fabrication process
• Electroplating
Mass Production
Materials Refinement
• >99.4% Pure Materials
Starting Raw Materials: 80% ~ 95% pure
• Simplified Manufacturing Process
Combines material synthesis and fabrication
• Variety of Substrates Metal Foils
Metal Foams
Carbon Foams and Fibers
Opportunities for New Applications
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Enables High Packing Density
DirectPlateTM
• Direct deposition of active battery
materials on foil
• Up to 250 micron thick
• No binders
• No conductive additives
• Up to ~ 90% volume fraction of active
materials
• Strong adhesion between active
materials and current collectors
LCO electroplated on Al foil
22 um thick, 80% LCO
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- L i th ium Cobalt Oxide
DirectPlateTM
1 um
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- Real ized v ia DirectP late TM
High Power LCO Cathode
Coin cell-half cell (vs. Li/Li+)
10C charge current
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
20
40
60
80
100
Sta
te o
f C
ha
rge (
%)
Charge Time (min)
LCO, 2.2 mAh/cm2 (Xerion)
LCO, 3.0 mAh/cm2 (Xerion)
LCO, 3.5 mAh/cm2 (Xerion)
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- LCO cathode Scotch Tape Adhesion Test
DirectPlateTM: Robust Battery Structures
No Delaminated
Material
Delaminated
Material
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Enables High F lex ibi l i ty
DirectPlateTM
Conventional LCO DirectPlateTM LCO
After rolling 1000 times
Discharge profile after rolling
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
Voltage (
V)
Capacity Retention
0 rolls
1000 rolls
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
Voltage (
V)
Capacity Retention
0 rolls
100 rolls
500 rolls
DirectPlateTM LCO electrodeConventional LCO electrode
Electrodes rolled at ~ 2.5 mm radius
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072016_NiCr_wire_rolled_450_2h_1v_100mson_30soff_140cycle.mpr
Ew e vs. Capacity, cycle 1
Capacity/mA.h
1.210.80.60.40.20
Ew
e/V
4.3
4.2
4.1
4
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3
100 um
LG Chem’s Cable Batteries
- A new method to make cathode for cable batter ies
DirectPlateTM
1ST cycle of LCO coated wire
LCO coated wire
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- Enhance batter y per formance
StructurePoreTM
DirectPlateTM StructurePoreTM :• High power cathode
• High energy anode
- silicon
- tin
- lithium
• Scale-up
XABC SILICON STRUCTURE PORE CONCEPT
Structure pore Ni foam Fast silicon electrodeposition
Charge cycle and
associated expansion
Pore space accommodates silicon expansion
Discharge cycle and
associated contraction
Returns nearly to original state
XABC SILICON STRUCTURE PORE CONCEPT
Structure pore Ni foam Fast silicon electrodeposition
Charge cycle and
associated expansion
Pore space accommodates silicon expansion
Discharge cycle and
associated contraction
Returns nearly to original state
XERION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCES HIGH ENERGY
BATTERIES USING POROUS SILICON
Si coating
Metallic
3D scaffold
~100 – 500 nm coating
- Fast charging
- Fast, Direct plating
- Conformal deposition of silicon on 3D
scaffold
- No need for copper foil
- No slurry processing needed
- Silicon much cheaper than graphite
- Good cycle life
XABC FAST CHARGE SILICON HALF CELL
SIGNIFICANTLY OUTPERFORMS ‘HIGH -POWER’
COMMERCIAL GRAPHITE ELECTRODE
0 10 20 30 40
0
20
40
60
80
100
Commercial Graphite
2.0 mAh/cm2
51 m
400 mAh/cm3
XABC Si
2.6 mAh/cm2
3m
600 mAh/cm3
SO
C (
%)
Time (min)
5C Fast charge
GOOD HALF CELL CYCLE LIFE IS ENABLED BY INTERNAL
POROSITY, NANOSTRUCTURED MORPHOLOGY AND
OPTIMIZED SURFACE AREASilicon electrode before cycling Silicon electrode after cycling
0 25 50 75 100 1250.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Capacity (
mA
h/c
m2)
Cycle Number
• High silicon loading
• Minimal capacity degradation
0.05 - 1V vs. Li/Li+ 23°C, Coin
10 µm
Silicon on nickel scaffold Silicon on nickel scaffold
10 µmMinimal degradation
leads to good cycle life
PROPRIETARY © 2016 Xerion Advanced Battery Corp. All Rights Reserved
Minimal
Change
3-LAYER FAST CHARGE SILICON PROTOTYPE CELLS
Anode: Si010218-3_1 (~3.695 mAh/cm2/side, 144 µm thick)
Cathode: NMC622, 96%, BIC (~3.45 mAh/cm2)
Area: 5.75 x 5.6 cm2
Packaging: 71 µm laminate
Separator: 12 µm
Capacity: 173.3 mAh
Average Voltage at 1C charge: 3.334 V
CHARGE RATE ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT SI
BASED FULL CELLS CAN BE CHARGED AT
FAST RATE WITHOUT VISIBLE SIGNS OF LI
PLATING
High Power
Considerable Li plating on commercial graphite anode with fast charging
Si 5C
No Li
Si 2C
No Li
Gra. 5C
Li plating
Gra. 2C
Li plating
4.2 – 2.5 V 23°C, Coin
FULL CELL PROTOTYPES
EXPECTED ENERGY / POWER DENSITY
Present Optimized
Energy (Wh/l) @ 1C 700 800
Energy (Wh/kg) @ 1C 300 350
Power (Wh/l), RT, 50%
SOC, 5C, 10S3700 4000
Power (Wh/kg), RT,
50% SOC, 5C, 10S1600 1775
High Power Flexible
Micro-batteryVery High Energy
Tunable 3-D
Structure
Direct
Electrofabrication
Low Cost*
Highly Scalable
NOVEL MANUFACTURING PROCESSCAN BE QUICKLY CUSTOMIZED WITH MINIMAL CHANGE IN
TOOLING
Markets:
All-Electric Vehicles
Grid-Scale Storage
Cell Phones
Markets:
Wearables
Internet of Things
Medical
Markets:
Embedded Electronics
Bluetooth/RFID devices
Highly structured, fast charge 3000 flex cycles, no degradation
Fab-compatible, high energy
Markets:Hybrid Vehicles
Drones
Power ToolsNational Defense
Thick electrodes, no binder
*Because Electrodeposition (Electroplating) is also a refinement technique, it offers high potential to reduce costs and open new
sources for less pure lithium materials
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