dr john kaldi presentation part 1

8/3/2019 DR John Kaldi Presentation Part 1

1/24

CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

Geosequestrationof CO2: What are the

Issues and Opportunities in Australia?

Dr John Kaldi

Chief Scientist

CO2CRC


2/24

Professor John G. Kaldi

Chief Scientist

Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse GasTechnologies (CO2CRC)

Australian School of Petroleum

University of Adelaide, Australia

GeosequestrationGeosequestrationof CO2:of CO2:

What are Issues andWhat are Issues andOpportunities in Australia?Opportunities in Australia?


3/24

CO2CRC.All rights reserved.

CCS The Emerging IndustrySydney, 29 30 Oct., 2007

CO2CRC Participants

Supporting participants: Australian Greenhouse Office | Australian National University || CANSYD | Meiji University | The Process Group | University of Queensland |


4/24



Outline of Presentation

Energy, Economics & GHG Emissions: (its all about coal)

Geosequestration: Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

Capture & Storage Economics

Basic Science Underpinning Geosequestration

World Geosequestration Projects

The Australian Scene

Opportunities in a Carbon Constrained World

Summary / Conclusions


5/24



Source: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000


6/24



1 toe 42 GJ


7/24



Projected World Energy Supplies

19001900 19201920 19401940 19601960 19801980 2000 2020 2040 2060 20802080 21002100

2020

4040

6060

8080

100100100 BILLION

BARRELS

Equivalent

(GBOE)

BillionBillion

BarrelsBarrels

of Oilof Oil

EquivalentPer YearPer Year(GBOE)

GasNaturalNatural

GasGas

Crude OilCrude Oil

CoalCoal

Dec

reasing

Dec

reasing

FossilFuels

FossilFuels

NewTechnologi

es

NewTechnologies

World Energy DemandWorld Energy Demand

AAPG 8/97

Greenhouse GasGreenhouse GasGenerationGeneration

Remains SignificantRemains Significant

2000 2020 2040 2060

HydroelectricHydroelectric

Solar, Wind,

Geothermal,Hydrogen

Nuclear Electric

NGLNGL


8/24


WORLD FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES 2005

Source: BP 2006

Oil

21%

Coal

59%

Gas

20%



9/24



Australia's Major Commodity Exports

($A Billion)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Iron & steel

Dairy prods

Wine

Wool

Copper

LNG

Wheat

Nickel

Aluminium

Beef & veal

Alumina

Gold

Iron ore

Oil & petrol

Coal

2005-06s

2004-05


10/24



The other cost of energy


11/24



World CO2 Emissions

Global emissions predicted to increase by 50% by 2030,with main growth from developing countries


12/24



Chinas Emergence as Emissions Leader

China 1990

China 2006


13/24



Australias carbon dioxide emissions total 366 MT,of which 69% is sequesterable


14/24



Australias potentially sequesterable carbon dioxideemissions are dominated by the electricity sector


15/24



Australias carbon dioxide emissions from the electricitysector are mainly produced from black and brown coal


16/24


COCO22 Emissions From ElectricityEmissions From Electricity

Generators:Generators: (Tonnes/(Tonnes/MWhrMWhr):):

Brown Coal:Brown Coal: 1.21.2

Black Coal:Black Coal: 0.80.8

Gas (CHGas (CH44):): 0.40.4

Loy Yang A = 2200 MW = 23 MT CO2 /yrLoy Yang B = 1000 MW = 10.5 MT CO2 /yrHazelwood = 1500 MW = 16 MT CO2 /yrPort Augusta = 520 MW = 5.3 MT CO2 /yr


17/24


Public Perception Climate change / global warming is real

- is happening now (geological time too abstract)

- caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

- GHG from anthropogenic activities

- fossil fuel industry is main contributor

- something can be / must be done

Lawmakers responsive to public sentiments

Industry positioning for carbon constrained world


Geosequestration of Carbon Dioxide


18/24



Geosequestration of Carbon Dioxide(a simple solution)

G t ti


19/24



CO2 is captured and separated at source e.g.

LNG or gas processing plant

Coal-fired power station

Mineral processing plant

CO2 is compressed to supercritical state and

transported to storage site

CO2 is then injected into target geological formation

CO2 migrates away from injection point and its

movement is monitored.

CO2 is permanently trapped

Structural, hydrodynamic, mineralogic or solution

Geosequestration:Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Geosequestration: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)


20/24



Geosequestration: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

CO2CRC

ReservoirEngineering &

Geoscience Input


21/24




22/24

Pre Combustion Capture


23/24



Pre-Combustion Capture

syngas H2

CO2

Power

Water

GasShift

CO2

+ H2

Pre-combustion refers to a process where a hydrocarbon fuel is

gasified and water-gas shifted to form a mixture of hydrogenand CO2 and the CO2 is captured from the synthesis gas beforeit is combusted.


24/24



Oxyfuel Capture

O2 + N2 + CO2

H2O

Coal

CO2

Power

Conventional power station boilers burn pulverised coal in air, which is madeup of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. Waste gases from this processconsist mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which are normally released

into the atmosphere. The oxyfuel process involves replacing air with a mixof oxygen and recirculated waste gases, creating a an exhaust mixture of

highly concentrated CO2 and water vapor.

dr john kaldi presentation part 1

Documents