dr. matt anderson - porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
TRANSCRIPT
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virusvirus
Matt Anderson, DVMSuidae Health & Production
Iowa Pork Congress
January 28, 2015
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virusvirus
Practical Experience Management
recommendations Biosecurity Control strategies Vaccine efficacy Decisions regarding herd
exposure Feed mitigation
American Association of Swine Veterinarians Alert
On Thursday May 16, 2013; National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), in close collaboration with Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL), reported that Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) has been detected in the United States. PEDV is a coronavirus associated with outbreaks of diarrhea and vomiting in swine. It is not a zoonotic disease, does not affect people, and is not a food safety concern. Although this is the first known detection in the United States, PED exists in many parts of the world and is not considered a foreign animal disease in the US, but rather a transboundary disease.
PED Detection in U.S. Swine –May 17, 2013
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) was detected by ISU-VDL and NVSL on May 13, 2013. 4 confirmed cases in sow herds (3 in Iowa, 1 in Indiana). Additional suspected cases are being investigated in Illinois and Colorado. Clinical presentation includes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal pigs (>90%). Producers fed back fecal material to sows resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. PED is not included on the USDA or OIE lists of foreign animal diseases, and USDA considers this to be “Transboundary Disease.” There is no requirement to report the detection to OIE as an Immediate Report but will likely be reported on the USDA’s routine six month or annual report. No plans to institute quarantines or movement controls. Sequencing has determined this virus to be 99.4% homologous with the 2012 Chinese virus. The USDA’s Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health will be developing a fact sheet, case definition and epidemiological survey.
Excerpt from AASV announcement
How Did it Get Here?How Did it Get Here?
Not a single farm source with subsequent spread
Presentation indicates a point source origin of a virus previously found in China
Unrelated herds infected simultaneously What are the connections???
– Not much
FAD’s were on our radarFAD’s were on our radar
FMD ASF CSF (Hog Cholera) PRV Secure Pork Plan
PED virus really wasn’t a virus we put a lot of thought into
Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website
– U
Canada and now the UkraineCanada and now the Ukraine
Time Marches On…Time Marches On…
And so do the bugs…– Swine Dysentery– PRV– PRRS– Influenza A (H3N2, H1N2, etc.)– PCV2 (circovirus)
– And now PED virus
To date…To date…
3 distinct PED viruses have been found in the USA
PDCoV has also been identified in the US
Why haven’t we seen CSF, FMD, or ASF?
Original ObservationsOriginal Observations
High mortality TGE-like disease in multiple sow herds in 4/5 geographically separate states
Explosive pockets of infections There certainly was area spread Then as these herds began to wean pigs, infected
pigs were moved into nurseries and then finishers and/or WTF barns
Subsequent ObservationsSubsequent Observations Newly placed nursery pigs, from non-infected sow
farms, infected in first 24-48 hours post placement
Finisher pigs infected during marketing
Infected site marketed, site cleaned up, new pigs come in and immediately became infected
Clean isn’t always clean enough, farm-wise and truck-wise!
Infections in N/G/FInfections in N/G/F
Nurseries 3-4% additional mortalities and culls
Finishers 0-2% additional mortalities and culls
PED virus is not a growth stimulant!– Commonly pigs will be held back 12-15 days
How was our Biosecurity in How was our Biosecurity in April, 2013April, 2013
Better than it was ten years ago and not bad overall.
Was our Biosecurity good Was our Biosecurity good enough to stop area spread of enough to stop area spread of
PEDv?PEDv?
NO!
What’s Going on?What’s Going on? Piglet transport trucks infected
Market trucks infected at plants or at truck washes
Site clean up has to be very rigorous
Sow herd eradication is a topic for a different day
PRRS– “there are two kinds of herds, those who have it
and those who are going to get it.”
PEDv– Industry chatter sounded pretty familiar– Sense of inevitability– Talk of intentional exposure during summer
months
If you don’t have it, do you really want it?
Approximately 60% of US Approximately 60% of US sows have experienced PEDvsows have experienced PEDv
Approximately 12% of SH&P managed client sows have experienced a PEDv break
Why the difference?Why the difference?
Points of ExposurePoints of Exposure
Piglet trucking Market trucks Feed trucks Manure hauling Supplies
– Meds, creep feed, milk replacer, etc. Supply trucks Feed
FeedFeed
CornDDGSAnimal source ingredients
– Plasma, peptones, etc.
VitaminsFeed trucks themselves
Feed ResearchFeed Research
Research done by groups indicating feed can carry virus
Mitigation researchAnecdotal examples of infections
Sow herd eliminationSow herd eliminationvsvs
control or management control or management
In 2 of 3 sow herds elimination has been relatively easy
In 1 of 3, not so much
Virus eliminationVirus elimination
All protocols I’m aware of are dependent on point in time exposure protocols– The protocols for feedback have varied greatly-
from very aggressive to semi-aggressive.
I believe the challenge lies in clean up, not in exposure
Model of productionModel of production
All in/All out farrowing roomsPiglet holding roomsEtc.
Cleanliness RedefinedCleanliness Redefined
Problem spots– Common, wet hallways– Lactation feeders– Lactation manure storage, shallow pits
Disinfectant protocolsDisinfectant protocols
Multiple disinfectants workContact time is importantDrying is very importantTemperature assisted drying may be helpful
Upgraded effortUpgraded effort
Hallways disinfected every daySuper heated farrowing roomsManure removal from shallow pits under
farrowing crates
PEDv ChallengePEDv Challenge
Keep it out when you can
Eliminate it if you must
Be generally unwilling to live with ongoing infection
Sow herd eliminationSow herd eliminationvsvs
control or management control or management
In 2 of 3 sow herds elimination has been relatively easy
In 1 of 3, not so much
If you are convinced your only If you are convinced your only option is managed control…option is managed control…
Gilt exposure
Vaccine
PEDv VaccinePEDv Vaccine
Currently two on the market– Harris Vaccines– Zoetis
More on the way with the liklyhood that there will be a modified live vaccine at some point
PEDv VaccinePEDv Vaccine
Colostral Immunity vs lactogenic immunity
Prevention vs Aids in the control of…
PEDv VaccinePEDv Vaccine
Vaccine experiencesNegative herdsAcutely positive herds attempting to go
negativeControl strategies
Kudo’s to the US Pork Kudo’s to the US Pork IndustryIndustry
Competition went out the window
Associations and members came together
Many research projects have been funded
Progress has been made
My challenge to the IndustryMy challenge to the Industry
International trade is occurring at a high level and we want that to increase
Many of our inputs come from countries with a different animal health picture than ours
25% of our domestic product is exported
My challenge to the IndustryMy challenge to the Industry
If this had been a true FAD 2014 and 2015 would have looked substantially different than they do today
Secure PorkThat I’m aware of, there is no plan for
catastrophic market loss
Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website
Trucks are important!Trucks are important!
Some farms don’t have dedicated piglet transport
Some farms don’t always (ever) use clean trucks to take pigs to market
Some farms, transport companies wash but don’t disinfect
Immediate concernImmediate concern
Uncontaminated trucks might be coming away from plants contaminated
Lowe study (NPB, NPPC, AASV)
Piglet transportPiglet transport
Dedicated piglet transport trucks that carry one owner’s pigs with thorough wash process in between
How clean is clean enough?How clean is clean enough?
Total absence of organic matter Dry, dry, dry Disinfected with a high quality disinfectant
– Regular check of disinfectant calibration– I like this being foamed on to increase contact time
Baking or forced air heat?– May be helpful but may not be enough
How clean is clean enough?How clean is clean enough?
Only absolute clean will suffice and you can’t be too clean!
Biosecurity ConcernsBiosecurity Concerns
Tranport trucks
Rendering trucks
Feed trucks Manure Handling Equipment Anything that will move manure---manure
equipment, birds, fomites, etc., etc., etc.
General ConcernsGeneral Concerns
Plant unload process
Recycled flush water
Cabs, equipment, boxes Wet trucks Any organic matter at all
Feed trucks Anything that will move manure---manure
equipment, birds, fomites, etc., etc., etc.
Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website
Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website