Berkshire Study Western Research Farm

collaborators

J.Mabry, M.Honeyman, W.Roush, D. Stender, M.Swantek

sponsored by the Iowa Pork Producers Association

Iowa Pork Congress

Niche Pork Production

January 24, 2013

Des Moines, Iowa

Berkshire Preliminary Study Western Research Farm

• 3 Mini Hoops – 6 pens with 6 pigs/pen

• Split sex – 18 gilts; 18 barrows

• 3 weight blocks (25, 31, 41 avg)

• 2 trials (seasons) - Nov 17, 2011, May 10, 2012

• Avg end weight approximate 270 lb

• 6 diets – 45, 90, 135, 180, 225

• Weigh 21 days

• Backfat and LEA 21 days group avg of 90 lb

• ADG, ADFI, FG, Backfat, LEA, %Lean, Intake and

Gain curves

• SIG International, Boyden IA

• Heritage Pork, Sioux City IA

Growth Performance

Segment Initial wt Final wt Days ADFI ADG F:G

Trial 1 56 271 115 6.51 1.88 3.46

Trial 2 53 268 112 5.92 1.94 3.05

Gilts 53 265 119 5.70 1.78 3.20

Barrows 55 275 108 6.73 2.04 3.31

All pigs 54 270 113 6.21 1.91 3.26

Ultrasonic Scans

Segment 1st Scan Final 1st

ScanFinal

1st

ScanFinal %Lean

Trial 1 88 271 0.41 1.19 2.45 6.23 46.42

Trial 2 90 268 0.37 0.97 2.64 6.52 49.02

Gilts 86 265 0.34 0.90 2.52 6.56 49.84

Barrows 92 275 0.43 1.26 2.57 6.19 45.60

Overall 89 270 0.39 1.08 2.54 6.38 47.72

Body weight Backfat, in Loin Eye Area, in2

Next stepModeling performance

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5

10.0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

po

un

ds

pe

r d

ay

Body weight, lb

Figure 1. Berkshire Avg Daily Feed Intake

Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

po

un

d p

er

day

Body weight, lb

Figure 2. Berkshire Avg Daily Gain

Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

bac

kfat

de

pth

, in

che

s

Body weight, lb

Figure 3. Berkshire Backfat depositon

Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

Loin

eye

are

a, in

2

Body weight, lb

Figure 3. Berkshire Loin eye area - Ultrasonic measurement

Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

pe

rce

nt

lean

Body weight, lb

Figure 5. Berkshire Lean depositon - adj 75% yield Carcass basis

Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts

Summary• Weight gains and intake curves are similar but differ between

genders and trial (season)

• Backfat deposition rates differ between genders

• Loin eye area curves are uniform for the first 100 gain then deviate

between barrows and gilts

• Backfat deposition rates differ between genders and trials

• Percent lean differ between genders and trials

• Changes in backfat develop earlier than I expected

• Adjusting pen average weight, feed intakes were similar between

barrows and gilts

• Pen intakes accounted for 76% of the variation in body weight, but

on 28% of ADG.

Validation of results• Additional replications

• Testing model equations

• Adjust nutrition for performance and economics

• Producer database

– Across the state

– Genetic

• Better recommendations

How did we get herethe process

R² = 0.67

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

Body Weight

Backfat

y = 0.0029x + 0.0959R² = 0.7248

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

Body Weight

Backfat - Gilts

y = 0.0052x - 0.0010R² = 0.8718

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

Body Weight

Backfat - BarrowsBackfat by Gender

Barrows

Gilts

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

0.0%

0.2%

0.4%

0.6%

0.8%

1.0%

1.2%

1.4%

1.6%

1.8%

2.0%

2.2%

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300Body Weight

Commerical Lysine Feeding Benchmark

Dietary % Lysine

Lysine Intake, g/d

Swantek

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

Model's ADFI and ADG Curves

ADFI

ADG

Swantek

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

Body weight, lb

Model's Average Daily Intake Curve, lb/d

Projected Intake

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

Swantek

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.65

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.85

1.90

1.95

2.00

2.05

2.10

2.15

2.20

2.25

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Daily GainFeed Intake

Group

Finisher

ADFI ADG

Swantek

Iowa Pork Producers Association

Thank you

Feed Management and

Records for Niche

Producers

Dave Stender

ISU Swine Field Specialist

dstender@iastate.edu

Mobile: (712)261-0225

Measure where you are

• Need to know if you have the large factors

covered

• Need to assess the value of smaller

factors

• Feed intake curve ---budgets

• Lean gain calculation

Intake Curve

Gilts Barrows

60 2.9 2.9

80 3.4 3.4

100 3.8 3.9

120 4.1 4.4

140 4.5 4.8

160 4.8 5.2

180 5 5.5

200 5.3 5.7

220 5.5 6

240 5.6 6.1

260 5.8 6.3 Swantek, 2012

Feed records for an intake

curve individualized for your

pig’s performance

Date and Pounds of feed Number of

ration name pigs on feed

April 6 -- G1 2000 100

April 18 - G2 2000 97

May 2 - F1 2000 95

Continued for all feed

NOTE: Also need to have start date and ending date of sale or transfer

including the number of head and weight

We are willing to give you

a spreadsheet or an input

sheet and help you

determine your intake

curve

• Check out www.ipic.iastate.edu

for a downloadable spreadsheet or input

form(s) to print out

Records

• Weight in and date

• Sell weights and dates

• Death loss

• Weight and date of feed deliveries

• Simple spreadsheet

• Group tracker

Producer: Mich Hogsten Location: West Barn Group: Group ID 060810

City, State Ames, IA Genetics: Home grown Contact Person: Dave Stender

Production Phase Finisher

Date Started: 1/5/13 Date Out 4/28/13

Number of Pigs In: 150 Number of Pigs Out 148 Number of pigs died 2

Total Weight: 7,245 Total Weight 37,942 Avg days on feed 40

Avg Weight: 48.30 Avg Weight 256.36 Avg weight

Feed data Product Used: Total lbs Total $ Product Used: Total lbs Total $

1 1 L 16,000 1,446.03$ 8 -$

2 2 L 12,000 1,021.35$ 9 -$

3 3 L 12,000 1,000.29$ 10 -$

4 4 L 20,000 1,608.06$ 11 -$

5 5 L 27,001 2,103.58$ 12 -$

6 13 -$

7 14 -$

Total Feed 7,179.31$ 87,001 lb

GMD Charges -$

43.50 tons Days Barn Used 114

-$ $/ton Animal Days 16,908

Avg In Wt 48.3

Other Costs Total Dollars Avg Out Wt 256.4

Revenue 23,057.04$ Avg Days on Feed 112.7

Pig Purchase 9,111.00$ Total Gain 30,697

Bales -$ ADG 1.82

Mrkt'g/NPB -$ ADFI 5.15

post pig 20.00$ Feed Eff 2.83

run cultures 15.00$ Death Loss 1.3%

feed grade penecillin 79.20$ Report Date 01/22/13 Feed Cost per Cwt/gain 23.39$

injectable "Excede" 45.10$ Feed Cost per Head Out 48.51$

dexasone 14.00$ To add to your database Total Cost 16,513.85$

Aureomycin 100 50.24$ Email Closeout to Avg cost per Head Out 111.58$

Tylan 40 330.27$ mswantek@iastate.edu Return/Pig sold 44.21$

Return 6,543.19$

Animals that Died

Production Summary

Feed Manufactoring &/or Delivery Start Date # of pigs Start Wt

Producer: ___________________ Site: ______________ / /

Bldg/Rm: ___________ Group: ___________ / /

Date Phase Diet ID Antibiotic Tons Date Phase Diet ID Antibiotic Tons

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.25

4.50

4.75

5.00

5.25

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154

Cu

m F

eed

In

take

Days on Feed

Finisher 50 - 280 Cumulative Avg Daily Feed Intake

First Step is to Verify Data Integrity

Matt Swantek, 2012

Once the data is verified,

how do you know if you

match the standard curve?

• Research work at the ISU research

farm

• Other research data

• A large data base of on-farm records in

our possession

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Daily GainFeed Intake

Group

Nursery

ADFI ADG

Swantek

y = 0.40x + 0.24R² = 0.81

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40

Avg Daily Gain

Avg Daily Intake

Nursery

Swantek

Does your curve match the

standard curve?

• Yes, then we can use the curve for 2

key management strategies.

– Proper nutrient level (lysine) based on

amount of feed eaten

– Predict the sell date with amazing accuracy

Does your curve match the

standard curve?

• No, then we use as a diagnostic:

– Feed wastage

– Health, can find undetectable problems

– Deficiencies in nutrition program

– Worm load

– Thermo-neutral issues

– Genetics under performance

– Other management practices

Important Swine Performance

Monitor Idea – Dr. Matt Swantek

In WtOut

WtRation ID

feed budget lb

/ pigDays Tons Fed by

Days

on

Feed

40 80 FIN 1 80.8 32 40 9/25/10 Sat 32

80 120 FIN 2 96.5 25 48 10/20/10 Wed 57

120 160 FIN 3 100.3 21 50 11/10/10 Wed 77

160 200 FIN 4 103.5 19 52 11/29/10 Mon 96

200 240 FIN 5 114.5 19 57 12/18/10 Sat 115

240 280 FIN 6 138.0 22 69 1/9/11 Sun 137

Questions?

• Contact information –

– Dave Stender, Swine Field Specialist

• Location: Cherokee County Extension Office

• Phone: Mobile – 712 261 0225

– Office – 712 225 6196

– FAX – 712 225 3173

– Email – dstender@iastate.edu