dr. neil suits, assistant professor of earth science ... 2010/suits/pssc... · dr. neil suits,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PSSC: The Earth Sciences
Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth ScienceOffice: Sci 118 Phone: 896 ‐ 5931
Best times to see me are right after class on Mondays and Fridays
Email also is good.
![Page 2: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PSSC: The Earth Sciencesreadings and quizzes
8th EditionCh 14: pp 358-368Ch 15: scan the chapter, look at the figures and read the captions, know all the planets in the solar system, know the two types of planets, know terms in boldface.Ch16: 406-409; 411-412; 418-425Ch 17: 432-435; 439-447(mineral formation)
7th EditionChapter 14, pages 388-398Chapter 15, scan the chapter. Know the planets of the Solar System, know the two types of planets, know terms in boldfaceChapter 16, pages 438-441; (Places & Time) 443-446; Moon, etc. 452-460Chapter 17, pages 466-470; Read Figure Captions; 473-482.
First quiz, next Wednesday.
![Page 3: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PSSC: The Earth Sciencestopics we will cover
Time and Place: Where the Earth and Solar System come from.
Basic Geology: How rocks and minerals are formed as well as mountains and oceans. We will also look at the geology of Montana, and take a quick tour through the fossil record.
Weather and Climate: What is the difference between weather and climate? What controls the weather and what are the facts about Climate Change?
![Page 4: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
~14 GA
(Giga Annum: Billion Years)
today
![Page 6: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
~ 300,000 years after the Big Bang
The first map of the Universe. Not homogeneous.
Cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy. First detected by the COBE DMR instrument.
![Page 7: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Typical spiral galaxy. Similar to ‘our’ Milk Way Galaxy’
~100,000 light years in diameter
We would be about here
~ 100 Billion Stars~100,000 light years across
![Page 8: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
We are not alone.
About 80 billion galaxies in the observable universe.
About 400 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy (but that may be a bit larger than average)
Many (most?) of those probably have planets.
How many of those planets are terrestrial (Earth-like?)
How many have life?
![Page 9: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stars
• Sun
– An average star
– Reference for understanding other stars
• Massive, dense balls of incandescent gas
• Powered by nuclear fusion reactions in their core
(E = mc2)
Origin of stars
• Gaseous nebula– Mostly hydrogen
• Shock waves induce gravitational collapse– Gravitational energy
released into higher temperatures and pressures
• Protostar– Accumulation of gases that
will become a star
![Page 10: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
http://faculty.rmwc.edu/tmichalik/NebandStar.htm
Star Birth and Formation: Protostars
![Page 11: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The internal structure of the Sun
![Page 12: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Stellar modeling
• Core– Very hot, most dense region
– Nuclear fusion releases gamma and x-ray radiation
• Radiation zone– Radiation diffuses outward
over millions of years
• Convection zone– Structured by hot material
rising from the interior, cooling, and sinking
– Upper reaches: visible “surface” of star
– Sun surface temp. ~5,800 K
![Page 13: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lifetime of the Sunor any star
• Our Sun converts about 1.4x1017 kg of matter to energy each year – About 2,700 6000 lb SUVs!
– E = mc2 ( units = kg m2/sec2 = Joules)
• Lifetime of a star depends on its mass– Less massive stars have longer lifetimes
– More massive stars have shorter lifetimes
• Born 5 billion years ago
• Enough hydrogen for another 5 billion years
But not every star is like the Sun……
![Page 14: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Crab Nebula in Lyra
Remnants of a supernova
![Page 15: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
….the most violent event ever seen in the universe — flashed into view on the morning of March 19th.
![Page 16: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
"This burst was a whopper," said Swift principal investigator Neil Gehrels of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "It blows away every gamma ray burst we've seen so far."
….the March 19th, 2009 burst had a redshift of 0.94, corresponding to a look-back time of 7.5 billion years — several thousand times more than the nearby galaxies.
The farthest object ever seen by the naked eye.
Most gamma ray bursts occur when massive stars run out of nuclear fuel. Their cores collapse to form black holes or neutron stars, releasing an intense burst of high-energy gamma rays and ejecting particle jets that rip through space at nearly the speed of light like turbocharged cosmic blowtorches. When the jets plow into surrounding interstellar clouds, they heat the gas, often generating bright afterglows. Gamma ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the universe since the big bang.
![Page 17: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Why are some stars bright and others are not?
• Differences in stellar brightness1. Amount of light produced by
star
2. Size of star
3. Distance to star
• Apparent magnitude– observed brightness (how bright it
looks from Earth)
• Luminosity– actual brightness (how much light
the star is actually putting out)
![Page 18: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What does the color of a Star tell you?
• Color variations apparent: red, yellow, bluish white
• Color related to surface temperature
– Blackbody radiation curves
– Red: cooler stars
– Blue: hotter stars
– Yellow: in between (Sun)
• Classification scheme
– Based on temperature: hottest to coolest
– O, B, A, F, G, K, M
Star color ~ star temperature
![Page 19: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Life of a star
• Protostar stage– Gravitational collapse
– Density, temperature and pressure increase
– 10 million K: fusion ignition temperature
– Dynamical equilibrium• Inward force of gravity
• Outward pressure of fusion energy
– Star enters main sequence
![Page 20: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hertzsprung-Russel
Diagram
![Page 21: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A stars fate depends on its mass
![Page 22: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fate of the Sun…. First a Red Giant, then a White dwarf within a planetary nebula
![Page 23: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Crab Nebula in Lyra
Remnants of a supernova
![Page 24: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Magnetic fields around a sunspot
![Page 26: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
‘Winds' and ‘Waves’ on the surface of Sol
![Page 27: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SUN Rocky
(Terrestrial) inner planets
The giant Gas planets of the outer solar system
Hydrogen, Helium, methane, water, ammonia
Silicates with Iron cores
Hyd
rog
en (7
4%
), so
me h
elium
(24
%)
![Page 28: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Planet summary
![Page 29: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mercury
![Page 30: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Venus
![Page 31: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Earth
![Page 34: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mars
![Page 35: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Martian ice cap
Frozen water?
![Page 36: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Craters on Mars
![Page 37: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Olympus Mons
The largest mountain in the Solar System
Why is it so big?
~ 625 km (324 miles) diameter
Scarp Height~ 6 km (4 miles)
![Page 38: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Olympus Mons on an overcast day
![Page 40: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Evidence for water on mars
![Page 41: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Wind-formed dunes on MarsAtmosphere: 0.7% of the Earth’s atmospheric pressure; 95% Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 3% Nitrogen (N2); 1.7% Argon, 0.1% Oxygen (O2)
![Page 42: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
View of the surface of Mars from the Martian lander
![Page 43: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Figure 15.09a
Jupiter
![Page 44: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Figure 15.09b
![Page 45: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Movie of Jupiter
![Page 46: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Saturn
![Page 49: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Titan: moon of Saturn
landing400.mov
![Page 52: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Uranus
![Page 53: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Neptune
![Page 55: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Pluto
![Page 56: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Smaller bodies of the Solar System
• Comets, asteroids, meteorites
• Leftover from solar and planetary formation
• Mass of smaller bodies may be 2/3 of total Solar System mass
• Bombard larger objects– Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
fragments (bottom)…– … and strikes Jupiter (July
1994)
![Page 57: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Comet structure
• Small, solid objects
• “Dirty snowball” model
– Frozen water, CO2, ammonia, and methane
– Dusty and rocky bits
• Comet head
– Solid nucleus and coma of gas
• Two types of tails
1. Ionized gases
2. Dust
• Tail points away from Sun
![Page 58: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Meteors and meteorites
• Meteoroids – Remnants of comets and
asteroids
• Meteor– Meteoroid encountering
Earth’s atmosphere
– Meteor showers: Earth passing through comet’s tail
• Meteorite– Meteoroid surviving to strike
Earth’s surface
– Iron, stony (chondrites and achondrites) or stony-iron
![Page 59: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Figure 15.19b
![Page 60: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Figure 15.19a
![Page 61: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Our moon: Luna
![Page 62: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Current hypothesis: Luna was formed as a result of an impact by a Mars-sized object in the early stages
of Solar System formation.
![Page 63: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Lunar impact craters
![Page 64: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Crater Tycho
![Page 65: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Close up of Tycho
![Page 66: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science ... 2010/Suits/Pssc... · Dr. Neil Suits, Assistant Professor of Earth Science Office: ... Email also is good. PSSC: ... Chapter](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5b147e1b7f8b9a2a7c8d524d/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)