Dr. Robert W. Fulton McCasland Foundation Endowed Chair for Food Animal Research

Oklahoma State University

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Variability and Prevalence of BVDV Subtypes in Persistently Infected Cattle Entering Feedlots: BVDV1b as

Predominant Subtype

BVDV1b-NY-1

BVDV1b-Hast

BVDV1b-TGAN

BVDV1a-NADL

BVDV1a-Singer

BVDV1a-C24V

BVDV2b-VS-260

BVDV2b-VS-63

BVDV2b-Soldan

BVDV2a-890

BVDV2a-296nc

BVDV2a-125nc

97.8%

84.9%

95.6%

93.5%

94.1%

90.2%

93.0%

88.7%

83.3%

79.2%

62.7%

BVDV1BVDV1bb

BVDV1aBVDV1a

BVDV2BVDV2bb

BVDV2aBVDV2a

BVDV SubgenotypesBVDV Subgenotypes

Dr. Julia Ridpath, USDA, ARS, NADC

BVDV PI studies: OSU 1999-2009 with BVDV1b1999 – PI calf

in retained ownership program entering feedlot.

1999-2000 –SE US calves to feedlot :BRD1999 study: PI calf, BVDV 1b , BRD

diseaseNasal swabs, PBL, lung isolates,

BVDV1bCan J Vet Research, 2002, 66: 181-190

2005- Subtypes in Diagnostic Laboratory

Accessions. Vet Microbiology, 2005, 111,35-40Subtypes

BVDV1b: 45.8%BVDV1a: 28.2%BVDV2a: 26.0%

Categories of Disease : all subtypes involvedRespiratory, digestive, mixed/multiple, abortionsPersistent Infections

BVDV PI studies: OSU 1999-2009 with BVDV1b

BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle in SW Kansas Feedlot: 2007-2008

PI cattle: 0.4% 86/21,743

BVDV Subtype Percentage

BVDV1a 11.6 %

BVDV1b 77.9 %

BVDV21 10.5 %

JAVMA , 2006,228: 578-584

BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle Entering SW Kansas Feedlot

Study BVDV1a BVDV1b BVDV2a

2004-2005 86

(10) 11.6% (67) 77.9% (9) 10.5%

2005-2006 318

(37) 11.6% (241) 75.8% (40) 12.6%

2007 Spring 201

(28) 13.9% (161) 80.1% (12) 6.0%

2007 Summer 184

(13) 7.1% (152) 82.6% (19) 10.3%

2007 Fall 163

(24) 14.7% (124) 76.1% (15) 9.2%

2008 Spring 179

(27) 15.1%

(136 ) 76.0%

(16) 8.9%

2008 Fall 24

(1) 4.2%

(23) 95.8%

(0)

Total: 2004-2008 1155

(140) 12.1%

(904) 78.3 %

(111) 9.6%

BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle in Oklahoma Feedlot: 2007-2008PI cattle: 0.4% 30/7497

BVDV Subtype Percentage

BVDV1a 21.1%

BVDV1b 68.4%

BVDV21 10.5%

BVDV Subtypes in Beef Breeding Herd Study for PI calves : 2006

30 herds with 5 herds positive: 16.7%25/ 4530 calves as PI= 0.55%Three herds with single PI and 2 with

multiple (10 and 12)One dam of PI calves: PI (4.0%)All PI isolates as BVDV1b

Can J Vet Res, 2009 in press

Herd #16 346

Herd #16 342

Herd #16 308

Herd #16 276

Herd #16 266

Herd #16 17

Herd #16 333

Herd #16 310

Herd #16 258

Herd #16 254

Herd #16 173

Herd #5 8

Herd #5 55

Herd #5 44

Herd #5 31

Herd #5 3

Herd #5 27

Herd #5 20

Herd #5 21

Herd #5 2

Herd #19 667

Herd #17 W51

BVDV1b-NY-1

BVDV1a-NADL

BVDV2b-VS-63

BVDV2a-890

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

75.2%

99.9%

97.9%

99.9%

97.2%

96.4%

92.9%

82.3%

53.3%

>99.9% similarity

BVDV1b

BVDV PI strains from 2006 NF BPS Survey

MLV Company Strain Genotype/Biotype

Express 5Breed-Back FP 5

BI Vetmedica

Singer 296

1a CP2a CP

Pyramid 5 Fort Dodge Singer 5912

1a CP2a CP

Pyramid 4 Fort Dodge Singer 1a CP

BoviShield 4 Pfizer NADL 1a CP

BoviShield Gold 5 BoviShield Gold FP 5

Pfizer NADL53637

1aCP2a CP

Titanium 5 AgriLabs C24V296

1a CP2a CP

Vista 5 Intervet Singer125A

1a CP2a CP

Reliant Plus Merial NADL 1a CP

Arsenal 4.1 Novartis GL760 1a NCP

Jencine 4 Schering Plough

WRL 1 NCP

Vaccines and BVDV Subtypes and Biotypes

Killed Company Strain Genotype/Biotype

Elite 4 BI Vetmedica Singer 1a CP

MasterGuard 5

AgriLabs C24V125C

1a CP2a CP

Triangle 4+ II BVD

Fort Dodge Singer5912

1a CP2a CP

CattleMaster Gold FP

Pfizer 596053637

1a CP2a CP

CattleMaster 4

Pfizer 59606309

1a CP1 NCP

ViraShield 6 Novartis K22GL 760TN 131

1a Cp1a NCP2 NCP

Respishield Merial Singer 1a CP

Vaccines and BVDV Subtypes and Biotypes

Diversity of BVDV Antibodies in Vaccinated Cattle: Two Doses with

BVDV1a and 2a strainsVaccin

eBVD 1a BVD1b BVD2a BVD2b

MLV A 16 4 16 4

64 8 16 4

16 4 8 0

MLV B 512 128 128 32

256 8 64 16

256 4 32 8

Killed 32 8 128 32

128 8 1024 64

256 16 256 64

Implications of Diversity of BVDV: Diagnostic TestsImpact on Diagnostic Test for

Antigen DetectionMonoclonal selection: epitopes :

potential changes in epitope genome region may affect reactivity and diagnosisIHC and ACEFA

Viral genome differences for PCR tests

Vaccines Against Multiple BVDV SubtypesUS and Canada : BVDV1a and BVDV2a

strainsDemonstrate protection against acute

challenge for multiple subtypes, ie BVDV1bDemonstrate protection against fetal

challenge for multiple subtypes, ie BVDV1bPotential for BVDV1b monovalent or

combination with BVDV1a and BVDV2aNovel vaccines with multiple strains,

genomic regions or protein subunits from different strains