dr shabbir ahmed assistant professor pediatrics anmc mbbs,mcps,fcps
TRANSCRIPT
Breast feeding , immunization and oral rehydration
Dr Shabbir AhmedAssistant professor pediatrics ANMC
MBBS,MCPS,FCPS
Breastfeeding Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing
young infants with the nutrients they need for
healthy growth and development
All mothers can breastfeed, provided they have
accurate information, and the support of their
family, the health care system
Colostrum, the yellowish, sticky breast milk
produced at the end of pregnancy, is
recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the
newborn
Feeding should be initiated within the first hour
after birth.
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6
months of age
Continued breastfeeding along with appropriate
complementary foods up to two years of age
What Are the Benefits of Breastfeeding for Baby?
Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants
It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein,
and fat – everything baby needs to grow
And it's all provided in a form more easily digested
than infant formula
Breast milk contains antibodies that help baby
fight off viruses and bacteria
Breastfeeding lowers baby's risk of having
asthma or allergies
Babies who are breastfed exclusively for the first
6 months, without any formula, have fewer ear
infections, respiratory illnesses, and bouts of
diarrhea
They also have fewer hospitalizations and visits
to the doctor
Breastfeeding has been linked to higher IQ scores
in later childhood
What's more, the physical closeness, skin-to-skin
touching, and eye contact all help baby bond with
mother and feel secure
Breastfed infants are more likely to gain the right
amount of weight as they grow rather than become
overweight children
Breastfeeding also plays a role in the prevention
of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
It also lower the risk of diabetes, obesity, and
certain cancers as well
Are There Breastfeeding Benefits for the Mother?
Breastfeeding burns extra calories, so it can help
you lose pregnancy weight faster
It releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps
uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may
reduce uterine bleeding after birth
Breastfeeding also lowers risk of breast and
ovarian cancer
It may lower risk of osteoporosis
Since you don't have to buy and measure formula,
sterilize nipples, or warm bottles , breast feeding
saves time and money
Contraindications of breast feeding
Infants with Special Dietary Requirements
Galatosemia
Phenylketonuria – may be partially breastfed
Maternal Infectious Disease
Cytomegalovirus – may or may not breastfeed
depending on individual circumstances
Herpes – if active on breast, may use other breast
if not affected
HIV – may or may not breastfeed depending on
individual circumstances
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 or 2
infection
Tuberculosis – if not contagious or may resume
feeding after two weeks of treatment
Maternal Drugs –
Chemotherapy agents – certain agents, discontinue
breastfeeding for as long as they remain in the milk
Drugs of abuse – discontinue breastfeeding until drugs
are out of maternal system
Primaquine and Quinine – contraindicated if either
infant or mother has G6PD
Metronidazole – discontinue breastfeeding until at least
12-24 hours after medication
Sulfa drugs – may be a problem in infants with
jaundice or G6PD, stressed or premature
Radioactive isotope – discontinue
breastfeeding for as long as the radioactivity is
in the milk
Immunization
A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations,
including the timing of all doses, which may be either
recommended or compulsory, depending on the
country of residence
A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce
active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or
reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild"
pathogen
Many vaccines require multiple doses for
maximum effectiveness, either to produce
sufficient initial immune response or to boost
response that fades over time
Oral rehydration
Acute diarrhoeal diseases are among the leading
causes of mortality in infants and young children
in many developing countries
In most cases, death is caused by dehydration.
Dehydration from diarrhoea can be prevented by
giving extra fluids at home
Dehydration can be treated simply, effectively,
and cheaply in all age-groups
In all but the most severe cases by giving patients
by mouth an adequate glucose-electrolyte
solution called Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)
solution
ORS is a sodium and glucose solution which is
prepared by diluting 1 sachet of ORS in 1 litre of
safe water
It is important to administer the solution in small
amounts at regular intervals on a continuous
basis
Make ors at home
Measure and combine the ingredients in a container
Combine ¼-teaspoon real salt
¼-teaspoon (potassium chloride)
¼-teaspoon baking soda
with 2½-tablespoons granulated sugar
Use a spoon to quickly incorporate these dry
ingredients together