dr soumitra das - icfa · international zinc association dr soumitra das director - india...
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International Zinc Association
Dr Soumitra Das Director - India
International Zinc Association
New Delhi www.crops.zinc.org
10th Global Agriculture Leadership Summit & Awards 2017 5-6 September 2017, Hotel Taj Palace, New Delhi
International Zinc Association Adding zinc to soils and crops can make a significant contribution towards goals of increased food security and human health in a sustainable manner
International Zinc Association
Essential elements for plants
Macronutrients C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
Micronutrients Zn, B, Mo, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cl, Ni
Micronutrients are essential elements for plant growth needed in small (micro) quantities
International Zinc Association
Worldwide zinc deficiency in soils
Source: Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition – 2nd ed., B.J. Alloway (2008)
Widespread deficiency Medium deficiency
International Zinc Association
Extent of zinc deficiency in India About 40% of Indian soils are deficient in Zinc
Source: Shukla (2016)
International Zinc Association
Zinc deficiency in India – State wise
Source: Shukla (2015)
State No. of Samples
PSD State No. of Samples
PSD
Andhra Pradesh 6723 22.3 Maharashtra 8278 54.0
Assam 5216 25.6 Odisha 2349 22.7
Bihar 12671 37.9 Punjab 2181 16.6
Chhattisgarh 4731 20.1 Rajasthan 5226 75.3
Gujarat 5470 23.1 Tamil Nadu 31080 65.5
Haryana 5673 15.3 Telangana 4799 26.9
Himachal Pradesh 3189 11.1 Uttar Pradesh 4788 33.1
Jharkhand 1443 20.3 Uttarakhand 2575 9.6
Karnataka 7468 44.0 West Bengal 2363 11.9
Kerala 1894 18.3 India 12,7812 40
Madhya Pradesh 11695 66.9
International Zinc Association
Source: M.V. Singh (2009)
Multi-nutrient deficiency in India
40
18.3
13 12
5.5 5.4
24.7
Source: M.V. Singh (2009) & A.K. Shukla (2016)
International Zinc Association
Zinc in Balanced Fertilizer Use Impact of zinc: 20-50% increase
Experiments – Wheat (India)
Source: Tandon (1995); Ismail Cakmak (2006)
N
NPK N
P
NPK +Zn
N: 120 P: 60 K: 60
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5G
rain
yie
ld,
t h
a-1
Fertilizer added, kg ha-1
25 ZnSO4
International Zinc Association Source: B.J. Alloway (2008)
Zinc Deficiency in Soil Strongly Correlates to Zinc Deficiency in Humans
Soils
Widespread deficiency Medium deficiency
50%
Humans 33%
International Zinc Association Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health, and every human needs zinc to survive. Ensuring adequate levels of zinc intake is a key component in efforts to reduce child illness, enhance physical growth and decrease mortality in developing countries
International Zinc Association
Ross Welch (2009)
International Zinc Association
Micronutrient Deficiency in Human Health
• Iron
• Zinc
• Vit A
• Iodine
• Folate
International Zinc Association
Micronutrient Deficiency - Population at Risk Global Scenario
UNICEF (2002)
International Zinc Association
Zinc Deficiency – A Global Issue
International Zinc Association
Zinc deficiency is 5th leading cause of death and disease in the
developing World Risk Factor DALY (in %) *
Underweight 14.9
Unsafe sex 10.2
Unsafe water 5.5
Indoor smoke 3.7
Zinc deficiency 3.2
Iron deficiency 3.1
Vitamin A deficiency 3.0
Blood pressure 2.5
Tobacco 2.0
Cholesterol 1.9
* Disability Adjusted Life Years Source: The World Health Report (2002)
International Zinc Association
8,00,000 people die annually due to zinc deficiency (WHO), of which 4,50,000 are
children under the age of five
Source: Black et al. (2008 ). The Lancet Maternal and Child Under nutrition Series
International Zinc Association
Deaths from Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Children Under 5
International Zinc Association
TOI (2014)
Extend of Malnutrition in India
International Zinc Association
Zinc - essential for human health Zinc is vital for: • Over 300 enzymes in the body • Activating growth – height,
weight and bone development • Brain development • Growth and cell division • Immune system • Fertility • Taste, smell and appetite • Skin, hair and nails • Vision
People need up to 15 mg of zinc per day
International Zinc Association
Times of India: 4th Jan 2017
International Zinc Association
Agricultural Strategies - Plant Breeding: Genetic Biofortification
- Fertilizers: Agronomic Biofortification
Applying Zinc Fertilizers to crops: A sustainable solution to Zinc deficiency
International Zinc Association
Genetic Biofortification Micronutrient-rich Crops
Harvest Plus (2012) S.No. Organization Crop released
1 IGKVV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh Hi-Zn Rice Zinc Rice 1
2 IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana Hi-Zn Rice DRR Dhan 45
3 IIWBR, Karnal, Haryana Hi-Zn Wheat WB-02
4 Harvest Plus (CGIAR), ICRISAT Hi-Zn Wheat BHU-3
International Zinc Association
Zinc Fertilizers in FCO Schedule 1 Part A 1 (f) Micronutrients
Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate - 21% Zn Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate - 33% Zn Chelated Zinc (Zn-EDTA) – 12% Zn Zinc Oxide (susp conc) – 39.5% Zn
1 (g) Fortified Fertilizers Zincated Urea – 2% Zn Zincated Phosphate (susp) – 17.6% Zn Zinc Fortified DAP / SSP / NPKs
1 (h) 100% Water Soluble Complex Fertilizers NPK Zn – 3.5% Zn NPK Zn B– 0.7% Zn
Clause 20 A Micronutrient Mixture – Crop Specific Zinc Poly Phosphate - 16% Zn
Clause 20 B Customized Fertilizers
International Zinc Association
FAI Speciality Fertiliser Statistics Zinc Fertilizers Consumption Trend
IZA IZA
International Zinc Association
• Addl subsidy in Zinc fortification included in NBSS in 2010
• Subsidy in NFSM in using micronutrients including Zinc
• >50% increase in Zinc fertilizer use in India
• 45,000 tonnes ZnSO4 mono plant commissioned – IFFCO
• 16,500 tonnes ZnSO4 hepta + mono plant – KRIBHCO (ANYA)
Success Story in Zinc Fertiliser Policy
International Zinc Association
International Zinc Association
• GST rates on N,P,K Fertilisers reduced from 12% to 5%
• GST rates on Micronutrient Fertilisers kept at 12%
• GST rates on other Micronutrient products kept at 18%
• N,P,K Fertilisers in Chapter 31, Micronutrients in Chapter 28
• Differential GST rates on Fertilisers covered in FCO
Recent Developments in Micronutrients Fertiliser Policy
Balanced Fertiliser Use ???
International Zinc Association
Challenges (in Balanced Fertilizer Use)
GST rates on micronutrient fertilizers Urea in Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS)
scheme Zincated Urea production - pricing
issue New innovative products in FCO (e.g.,
Nano Zinc Fertilizers) Quality & availability of zinc fertilizers Awareness level of the extension &
promotional workers and … Last mile delivery
International Zinc Association
Zinc deficiency in crops and humans is a global challenge Sustainable solution is – increased use of Zinc Fertilisers in balanced
fertiliser use – supportive micronutrients fertiliser policy by Govt Ensuring Soil Health, Food Security and Nutritional Security
Conclusions
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