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DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES IN DISTRICT ALIGARH.
Authors :
Dr Tabassum Nawab,
Prof. Zulfia Khan,
Dr M Athar Ansari,
Dr R Ahmed,
Dr E. Waqarib.
Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, Aligarh.
Background:
• Exclusive breastfeeding - single most effective intervention for child survival.
• Universalising early & exclusive breastfeeding - major public health intervention to reduce mortality in the neonates and infants.
• Improving complementary feeding can reduce anemia and stunting .
Objectives :
1) To study the pattern of feeding of infants.
2) To study the factors determining the feeding practices.
3) To recommend ways to improve the same.
METHODOLOGY:
• Design: cross-sectional• Setting: antenatal & immunization clinic of Rural & Urban Health
Training Centers , Department of Community Medicine, Antenatal OPD & Pediatric OPD, JNMCH, Aligarh.
• Study unit: mothers of children aged >6 months till 5 years of age , attending these clinics.
• Inclusion Criteria:
A female having any child aged >6 months till 5 years , irrespestive of her current pregnancy status.
• Exclusion Criteria: A female having a child aged <=6 months or >5 years. Mother who did not give consent for interview.
• Study tool: A predesigned & pretested oral questionnaire. In case a female had more than one child in the required age group, she
was interviewed regarding the feeding practices in the youngest child.
• Sample size:
In total 354 mothers were interviewed during 15 days of survey.
• Sampling: Consecutive sampling was done , with 25 mothers per day.
• Analysis: was done using SPSS 17. Chi square test was applied to test statistical significance.
RESULTS
Table no.1.Distribution of study population by antenatal history and infant feeding practices
Frequency Percentage
Any ANC during index pregnancy 298 84.2
Received Advice for Breastfeeding during pregnancy196 55.4
Prelacteals given147 41.5
Breastfeeding started During 1st hour after birth 105 29.7
Exclusive Breastfeeding for 6 Months 152 42.9
Appropriate Complementary Feeding(started at completion of 6 months) 217 61.3
Table no.2.DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES
PLACE OF RESIDENCE
RURAL,n(%) URBAN,n(%) Chi-square df P-value
Breastfeeding started within 1 hr 17(16.2) 88(83.8) 12.991 4 0.011a
Prelacteals not given 39(45.3) 155(57.8) 5.604 2 0.061b
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 Months 29(33.7) 123(45.9) 4.853 2 0.088b
Appropriate complementary feeding 44(20.3) 173(79.7) 4.920 1 0.027a
a - SIGNIFICANT, P < 0.05 b -NOT SIGNIFICANT,
Table no.3 EDUCATION LEVEL OF MOTHER
Up to primary education
Up to high school >High school Chi-
squaredf
P-value
Breastfeeding started within 1 hr 61(30.2) 27(28.7) 17(29.3) 14.370 8 0.073b
Prelacteals not given 89(52.4) 72(57.1) 33(56.9) 1.841 4 0.765b
Exclusive breastfeeding for6 month 77(38.1) 41(43.6) 34(58.6) 6.670 4 0.812b
Appropriate Complementary feeding 94(54.1) 82(65.1) 43(74.1) 8.485 2 0.014a
Table no. 4.DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES
PLACE OF BIRTH
Home Govt hospital Pvt hospitalChi-square
df P-value
Breastfeeding started within 1 hr 27(25.7) 55(52.4) 23(21.9) 34.699 8 0.000a
Prelacteals not given 41(21.1) 117(60.3) 36(18.6) 66.719 4 0.000a
Exclusive for 6 month 42(34.4) 82(52.6) 28(36.8) 12.618 4 0.013a
AppropriateComplementary feeding
49(40.2) 54(34.6) 34(44.7) 6.686 2 0.088b
Table no.5 Any ANC during index pregnancy
no yes Chi-square df P-value
Breastfeeding started within 1 hour 8(7.6) 97(92.4) 19.571 4 0.001a
Prelacteals not given 22(11.3) 172(88.7) 6.832 2 0.033a
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 month 15(9.9) 137(90) 8.820 2 0.012a
AppropriateComplementary feeding
27(49.1) 102(35.1) 2.380 1 0.123b
a - SIGNIFICANT, P < 0.05 b -NOT SIGNIFICANT,
Table no. 6.DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES
ADVICE FOR BF DURING ANC
YES NO Chi-square df P-value
Breastfeeding within 1 hr 74(70.5) 31(29.5) 20.966 4 0.000a
Prelacteals not given 121(60.8) 73(47.1) 7.218 2 0.027a
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 month 98(64.5) 54(35.5) 7.465 2 0.024a
Appropriate complementary feeding 70(35.2) 67(43.2) 2.380 1 0.123b
a - SIGNIFICANT, P < 0.05 b -NOT SIGNIFICANT,
CONCLUSION:
• Breastfeeding was started within 1 hr - 29.7% of infants • Exclusive Breastfeeding - 41.24% infants only.• Complementary feeding was started at appropriate time - 61.3% infants.• Breastfeeding started within 1 hr is affected significantly by urban residence, any
ANC, advice for BF given during pregnancy & institutional delivery.• Prelacteals administration is affected by any ANC, advice for BF given during
pregnancy & institutional delivery.• Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 Months is affected significantly by education of
mother, any ANC, advice for BF given during pregnancy & institutional delivery.• Appropriate complementary feeding is affected significantly by education of
mother and place of residence.
CONCLUSION:• Majority of the mothers living in urban areas started breastfeeding within 1 hour
after birth.• Complementary feeding was started appropriately in mothers who were urban and
were educated >high school.• Mothers who had even a single contact with health personnel, who received health
education regarding breastfeeding during pregnancy and who underwent institutional delivery were more likely to have good breastfeeding practices.
RECOMMENDATIONS:• IEC activities should be directed towards education of mothers .• Atleast three contact with the health personnel during antenatal period, as
recommended under RCH, and health education regarding breastfeeding during pregnancy should be ensured.
BAB-E-SYED
Thank you!