dr. uli jakob 7th - ahk golfregion€¦ · regional centre for renewable energy and energy...
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Solar Cooling – a sleeping giant ? Dr. Uli Jakob 7th October 2019 AHK Geschäftsreise Dubai, UAE
Dr. Uli Jakob
} Lecturer Building Technology / Renewable Energy
University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart
} General Manager SOLEM Consulting - Global consulting services for energy
systems
} My areas of research:
• Solar thermal, photovoltaic systems, solar cooling
• Combined heat, power and cold
• Energy storage, energy systems
• Energy efficiency in industry
• Sustainable energy supply of building districts
Pic
ture
: priv
ate
Your presenter
07.10.2019 | Slide 2
kWh/m2/a
Germany: 1,000 kWh/m2/a
UAE: 2,000 kWh/m2/a
Source: Meteonorm (data), Friedemann Jung
Global solar radiation
07.10.2019 | Slide 3
Source: SolarNext
Global radiation
Cooling demand
Heat demand
Excess solar heat in summer
Resource and demand are in phase
Solar cooling – Solar resource vs. Cooling demand
07.10.2019 | Slide 4
www.efficiency-from-germany.info
Solar Cooling in Commercial Apps – Arab region
07.10.2019 | Slide 5
UNEP / RCREEE Study (2015):
Economics of solar cooling in
18 of 22 Arabic countries Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE) Commissioned by: League of Arab States (LAS), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Supported by: German Development Cooperation (GIZ), Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), Egypt Renewable Energy Authority (NREA)
07.10.2019 | Slide 6
Source: RCREEE
07.10.2019 | Slide 7
Arab countries investigated
Solar thermal
closed system open system
ABsorption
ADsorption
DEC
Liquid sorption
Feed-in tariff
Net metering
Photovoltaic
07.10.2019 | Slide 8
Solar cooling – Technology overview
hot water
storage tank
collectorfield
heat exchanger
absorption chiller
coldwater
storagetank
cooling tower
compression chiller
M
M
M
fan-coils
heatingsystem
M
Solar Chiller(s) Chilled water
Cooling water
Hot water
Source: Solem Consulting
General scheme of a solar cooling system��
07.10.2019 | Slide 9
Target buildings: § Two building types/sizes with a potentially constant cooling load during
the day have been chosen:
a) Medium: Average commercial building of 500 to 1,000 m2 air- conditioned area (depending on the location in Arab region). Cooling capacity approx. 100 kWc b) Large: Group of buildings (using a distributed cooling network) or a large building, air-conditioned area of 5,000 to 10,000 m2. Cooling capacity approx. 1 MWc.
System configuration: § Double-effect absorption chiller with Parabolic trough/Fresnel collector,
a small hot water tank and hybrid cooling tower § PV Cooling with scroll vapour compression chiller, battery storage and
wet cooling tower § Reference with scroll vapour compression chiller and wet cooling tower
07.10.2019 | Slide 10
Building / technologies investigated
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Results – 100 kWc segment Le
veliz
ed c
ost o
f coo
ling
07.10.2019 | Slide 12
Results – 100 kWc segment� (50% subsidy on investment cost for 12 countries)
Leve
lized
cos
t of c
oolin
g
Leve
lized
cos
t of c
oolin
g
07.10.2019 | Slide 13
Results – 1 MWc segment
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Results – 1 MWc segment� (50% subsidy on investment cost for 6 countries)
Leve
lized
cos
t of c
oolin
g
Favourable countries for a 100 kWc solar cooling system: Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, Yemen § There, the net present cost over 20 years of lifetime is lower for both
solar cooling technologies compared to the reference case.
§ In all countries above, the PV cooling solution is more competitive than the solar thermal one.
07.10.2019 | Slide 15
Summary Arab region
Source: belroy Hotel Source: PowerSol
07.10.2019 | Slide 16
SAC Application (Hotel, Spain, 125 kWc)
Favourable countries for a 1 MWc solar cooling system: UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia § In the UAE, both solar thermal and solar PV cooling are currently
economically viable with lower net present cost than the reference case over 20 years.
§ In Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, solar thermal and solar PV cooling solutions are very close to each other in terms of net present cost. Both solar cooling technologies, however, are only economically viable compared to the reference system if a subsidy of at least 50% is applied on the investment cost.
07.10.2019 | Slide 17
Summary Arab region
Sources: Sarantis
SAC Application (Cosmetic industry, Greece, 700 kWc)
07.10.2019 | Slide 18
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SAC/SHIP Application (Eco-paint shop, Germany)
Source: Industrial Solar
www.efficiency-from-germany.info
Solar Cooling – State of the Art
07.10.2019 | Slide 20
no claim on com
pleteness
TECSOL/SOLEM Consulting estimates about 1.350 installed solar cooling systems worldwide (2015)
Source: Solem Consulting
07.10.2019 | Slide 21
Development of Solar Cooling Market
Solar thermal collector Heat transfer
medium
Collector
temperature
Application for
cooling
Air
collector Air 40-60ºC Air-conditioning
Flat plate
collector
Water,
Water-Glycol 70-90ºC
Air-conditioning, slab
cooling
Evacuated
tube
collector
Water,
Water-Glycol 90-120ºC
Air-conditioning, slab
cooling
Parabolic
trough /
Fresnel
collector
Thermal oil,
Water 120-250ºC
Refrigeration,
air-conditioning, slab
cooling
-20ºC
0ºC
15ºC
20ºC
T
Solar collector technologies – Apps for solar cooling
07.10.2019 | Slide 22
Source: InvenSor
InvenSor LTC & HTC Water / Silica gel Water / Zeolite
Source: Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit eCoo & Zeo Water / Silica Gel Water / Zeolite
Source: Pink
Pink PC19 Ammonia / Water
Adsorption and absorption chillers (small to medium-scale capacity)
Source: SolabCool
SolabCool SolabChiller Water / Silica gel
07.10.2019 | Slide 23
Source: AGO
Source: AGO
ago congelo® Ammonia / Water
EAW Wegracal C & SE Water / Lithium Bromide
Source: EAW
Absorption chillers �(medium to large scale capacity)
JCI-Hitachi YHAU & EX Water / LiBr
Source: JCI-Hitachi
07.10.2019 | Slide 24
Source: SolarNext Source: Schüco
Schüco (Germany) LB15 System Package
SolarNext (Germany) chillii® Cooling Kit WFC175
Standardised solar cooling kits�
07.10.2019 | Slide 25
Source: Solem Consulting / Green Chiller
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 spec
ific
cost
s of
sol
ar c
oolin
g ki
ts
[E
UR
/kW
col
d]
year small capacity up to 10 kW medium capacity up to 50 kW large capacity above 50 kW
- 50%
§ Cost reduction of 45-55% between 2007 and 2011!
Cost development of solar cooling kits (2007-2019)
07.10.2019 | Slide 26
... 2019
§ MAP (market incentive program): since January 2018 BAFA offers 150 and 200 EUR/m2 for collector areas between 20 m2 and 100 m2 for solar thermal cooling in new buildings and building stock, respectively.
§ MAP: alternatively a subsidy based on annual solar energy yields is offered for solar cooling with collector areas between 20 to 100 m2 (0.45 EUR x annual collector yield x number of collectors).
§ BAFA has opened in January 2019 the program for promotion of efficient cooling systems in industry for sorption technology from 5 kWc to 600 kWc cooling capacity (max. 50% of net investment). Additionally heat rejection units are funded as well as heat/cold storages and a special bonus for RES. Funding calculator https://www.klimaschutz.de/förderrechner (only in German)
Supporting activities in Germany
www.efficiency-from-germany.info
Future of Solar Cooling
07.10.2019 | Slide 28
“Affordable Heating and Cooling of Buildings” (IC7)
§ Solar thermal (ST) or waste heat or district heating powered air conditioning (AC) and refrigeration
§ Solar electric source e.g. photovoltaic (PV) driven AC
Mission Innovation (MI)
07.10.2019 | Slide 29
07.10.2019 | Slide 30
New SHC TCP Task / MI IC7
§ Build on previous Tasks 25, 38, 48 and 53 § Vision: Solar Cooling to be recognized as affordable, safe and
reliable cooling systems for the SUNBELT REGIONS worldwide § Focus: Target size segment on cooling and air conditioning
between 10 kWr and 1,000 kWr (PV and ST Cooling). The proposed Task aims to complement the IC7 project titled ‘Comfort and Climate Box’, managed by the Heat Pump Centre primarily in the small capacity segment.
07.10.2019 | Slide 31
Global objectives of new SHC TCP Task / MI IC7
§ Knowhow capitalised in OECD countries (Europe, US, Australia, etc.) on SOLAR COOLING TECHNOLOGY (both thermal and PV)
§ Very few efforts have made to adapt and transfer this knowhow to Sunbelt countries such as Africa, MENA, Asian countries
§ New SHC Task is aimed to focus on innovations for affordable, safe and reliable cooling systems for the SUNBELT REGIONS worldwide (sunny and hot climates, between the 20th and 40th degrees of latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere)
§ The innovation driver and the keyword is ADAPTATION of existing concepts to the Sunbelt regions
07.10.2019 | Slide 32
First Task Definition Meeting of new SHC TCP Task
§ Solar Cooling for the Sunbelt Regions
§ Santiago, Chile on November 7th, 2-6 pm following SHC 2019 / SWC 2019 / SAC 2019 conference (https://www.swc2019.org)
www.efficiency-from-germany.info
Further information
07.10.2019 | Slide 33
07.10.2019 | Slide 34
Links
§ IEA Report: The Future of Cooling (https://webstore.iea.org/the-future-of-cooling)
§ SHC Task 48 and Task 53 on Solar Cooling (http://task48.iea-shc.org, http://task53.iea-shc.org)
§ EU funded SHIP projects InSun, FRESH NRG, REEMAIN, HyCool (http://www.fp7-insun.eu, http://fresh-nrg.eu, http://www.reemain.eu, http://hycool-project.eu)
§ BMUB funded “Solar Payback” project – Solar Heat for Industry (involved countries Brazil, Mexico, India and South Africa)
Books
07.10.2019 | Slide 35
