Dr. Wafa HassanDr. Wafa Hassan&&

Ahmad Ahmad ElghamrawyElghamrawy

What is motivation?

Who is responsible for motivating students to learn?

“Inner drive, impulse, emotion, or desire that moves one to a particular action”

Intrinsically motivated people take part in the activities just for their own sake not for materialistic rewards.

Create activities that increase students’ interest

Encourage students to make decision about their own learning

Give positive feedback Encourage interaction among students Use a variety of classroom activities Use learner-centered instructional methods

Tailor your teaching to the needs of the students.

Identify Needs: Physical needs Psychological needs Learning styles Specific learning needs

Who learns?

How much of what language?

Under what conditions?

Individual Differences Aptitude to learning Attitudes to language Motives Personality Learning styles Learning strategies

What is being taught or learned? Oral skills Written skills Communication Grammar Dialect Culture

Situation and context Learning environment Formal classroom Individual Learning Teaching strategies Street and Community

Situational Factors

LinguisticInput

Individual Learning

Differences

Learner Processes

SecondLanguage

Output

Ellis’ (1985) Framework

Is a philosophy of teaching and learning which recognizes that each learner is unique. It Offers:

a variety of ways for students to explore curriculum content (situational/individual factors)

a variety of meaningful activities which allow students to understand information and ideas (input)

a variety of options where students can demonstrate what they have learned (output)

Multiple levels of Intelligence Language production/reception processes Word retention.

◦ How to Integrate language skills?◦ What kind of group activities?◦ How to group students: Heterogeneously based

on: ReadinessInterestLearning profile

Differentiated instruction is interactive:◦ Student to student interaction:small group- peer editing- whole class◦ Teacher student interaction◦ Interaction between the students and the

materials:◦ Books, videos, computer, etc.

◦ Content: The vocabulary, language structure or language functions introduced to the students

◦ Process: The activities designed for the students to be able to carry out the language functions aimed at in the instructional objectives

◦ Product: End products that show that the students have learned what they were supposed to learn

Differentiation and objectives Differentiation in activities Differentiation in assessment