dram packages. physical dram packages physically, the main memory in a system is a collection of...
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DRAM Packages
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Physical DRAM Packages
• Physically, the main memory in a system is a collection of
–Chips or
–Modules containing chips • that are usually plugged into the motherboard.
• These chips or modules vary in their electrical and physical designs and must be compatible with the system into which they are being installed to function properly.
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CPU and Chipset
• The CPU and motherboard architecture (chipset) dictates a particular computer’s physical memory
–Capacity,
–Speed and –Data bus width requirements
• that can be installed.
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Individual Memory Chips
• Originally, systems had memory installed via individual chips.
• They are often referred to as dual inline package (DIP) chips because of their designs.
• The original IBM XT and AT had 36 sockets on the motherboard
• for these individual chips, and then more of them were installed on the memory cards plugged into the bus slots.
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DIP Packages
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Apple-I single board computer
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Problems of using DIP Memory Chips
• Time-consuming, and Labor-intensive way to deal with memory,
• They crept out of their sockets over time.
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Solution
• The alternative to this at the time was to have the memory soldered into either the motherboard or an expansion card.
• Made memory troubleshooting difficult.
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Module
• What was necessary was a chip that was both soldered and removable, and that is exactly what was found in the module called a SIMM.
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Different types of Module
• For memory storage, most modern systems have adopted the
–SIMM (single inline memory module),
–DIMM (dual inline memory module), or
–RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) • as an alternative to individual memory chips.
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Modules
• These small boards plug into special connectors on a motherboard or memory card.
• The individual memory chips are soldered to the module, so removing and replacing them is impossible.
• Instead, you must replace the entire module if any part of it fails.
• The module is treated as though it were one large memory chip.
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SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module)
• 30-pin SIMM has 8-bit data bus
• 72-pin SIMM has 32-bit data bus
• May have several chips (ex: 2, 3, 8, 9)
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Bank of Memory
• A bank of memory must contain the same amount of bits as the data bus of the CPU/System.
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Number of Modules make a Memory Bank
Processor Data bus Bank SizeNo Parity
Bank SizeParity
30-PinSIMMs
72-PinSIMMs
168-PinDIMMs
8088 8-bit 8 bits 9 bits 1 n/a n/a8086 16-bit 16 bits 18 bits 2 n/a n/a286 16-bit 16 bits 18 bits 2 n/a n/a386SX, SL, SLC 16-bit 16 bits 18 bits 2 n/a n/a486SLC, SLC2 16-bit 16 bits 18 bits 2 n/a n/a386DX 32-bit 32 bits 36 bits 4 1 n/a486SX, DX, DX2,DX4,5x86
32-bit 32-bits 36 bits 4 1 n/a
Pentium, K6 series 64-bit 64 bits 72 bits 8 2 1Pentium pro, PII,Celeron, PIII,P4,Athlon/Duron
64-bit 64 bits 72 bits 8 2 1
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A typical 30-pin SIMM Dimensions
The one shown here is 9-bit, although the dimensions would be the same for 8-bit.
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30-pin and 72-pin SIMM Pictureshttp://www.simmtester.com/page/news/showpubnews.asp?num=44
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A typical 72-pin SIMM
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A typical 168-pin SDRAM DIMM
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A typical 184-pin DDR DIMM
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A typical 184-pin RIMM
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SDRAM-DIMM vs. DDR-DIMM vs. RIMM
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SDRAM-DIMM vs. DDR-DIMM vs. RIMM
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Characteristics of 168-pin SDRAM DIMM
• The DIMM uses serial presence detect (SPD).
• It consists of a small EEPROM or Flash memory chip on the DIMM that contains specially formatted data indicating the DIMM’s features.
• This serial data enables the motherboard to autoconfigure to the exact type of DIMM installed.
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Characteristics of 168-pin SDRAM DIMM
• DIMMs can come in several varieties, including
– unbuffered or buffered and
– 3.3V or 5V.
• All PC systems use unbuffered DIMMs.
• DIMM designs for PCs are almost universally 3.3V.
• If you install a 5V DIMM in a 3.3V socket, it would be damaged, but fortunately, keying in the socket and on the DIMM prevents that.
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168-pin DRAM DIMM notch key definitions
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RDRAM bus layout showing a RIMM and one continuity module
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The markings on a typical memory chip
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Installing SIMM• Align the module (notch and protrusions in the socket).
The notch on this SIMM is shown on the left side. • Insert the SIMM at a 45° angle
• and then tilt it forward until the locking clips snap into place.
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Removing SIMM• Pull plastic tabs outward• Push the top at an angle away from the socket• Pull out of the socket
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Installing DIMM / RIMM• Align the module (notch and protrusions in the socket)• Insert at a straight angle (90º)
• Push until the ejector tab locks into place in the notch on the side of the DIMM.
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Removing DIMM / RIMM• Push out the ejector tabs and the DIMM will pop out.
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72-pin SODIMM (Small Outline DIMMs)
72-pin SODIMMs are typically used in the Pentium-II Laptop computer system
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144-pin SODIMM (Small Outline DIMMs)
• 144- SODIMMs are typically used in the PC66 and PC100 SDRAM Laptop compatible computers
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100-pin SODIMM (Small Outline DIMMs)
• 100- PIN DIMMs are primarily used in printers
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144- PIN Micro-DIMMs
• 144- PIN Micro-DIMMs are primarily used in digital assistants, subnotebooks and notebook computers.
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200- Pin DDR-SODIMM