Draw the CoreLabel if you’re able

Annotate if you’re great

Stephen Taylor

http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com Draw the Core 1

Draw the Core

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This presentation is for practice with assessment statements where you need to draw, label, annotate or where a diagram would be very helpful to describe, outline or identify.

One slide has the assessment statement. The next has the diagram and the last has the diagram with labels.

How could you use it in your revision?

• QuickDraw flashcards – can you draw the item in the statement? • Labeling practice – can you add the correct labels? • Explain, outline, annotate, describe practice. Take the diagram or

image and use it to help in your treatment of objective 2 and 3 assessment statements.

This is a work in progress – but you might find it useful. It will be updated later.

The diagrams in the presentation are all creative commons (unless otherwise noted), which means you can share, edit and print them, as long as you cite the source as http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com.

Remember:It’s an exercise in

clarity, not a colouring-in

competition!

Assessment statements have been taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/2.html

Drawing in IB Biology Exams

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7. (a) Draw a labeled diagram showing the ultrastructure of a typical prokaryote. [4]

• You can use pencil and a ruler.• You must not use coloured pencils.

As of 2011, exams will be scanned and look like this:

This bit gets cut off

The scanning machine only looks inside the boxes, so stay inside! Use extra paper if needed, but include a note to that effect in this box. Make sure the extra paper is labeled clearly.

• Draw clearly! Not too light or messy.• Practice first on the scrap paper.

A Terrible Drawing…

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A Terrible Drawing…

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Too lightUnlabeled

Messy

Tiny

A Rubbish Drawing…

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A Rubbish Drawing…

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Where are these labels pointing?The arrow heads are unnecessary

Unclear labels

Outside the scanning box

Messy shading

Criss-crossed label linesWiggly label lines

A Good Drawing…

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A Good Drawing…

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• Good use of space• Clear strong lines• Label lines are straight• Labels clearly written• Scale bar if appropriate

• Lines touch the labeled structure

• No unnecessary shading or colouring

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2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote.

All assessment statements taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/2.html

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2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote.

1µm

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2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote.

1µm

cell wall

plasma membrane

flagellum

pili70S ribosomes

cytoplasm

nucleoid

Plasmids/ Loops of DNA

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2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote. 2.2.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named structure.

1µm

cell wallProtects cell, holds structure

plasma membraneControls what goes in and out of the cell

FlagellumMovement

PiliAttachment, Exchange of DNA

70S ribosomesProtein synthesis

CytoplasmContains solutes, enzymes for metabolic reactions

NucleoidContains:Plasmids/ Loops of DNAGenetic information

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2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.

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2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.

10µm

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2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.

10µm

Plasma membrane

Mitochondria

Free 80S ribosomes

Lysosomes

Cytoplasm

Golgi apparatus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nucleus

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2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell. 2.3.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named structure.

10µm

Plasma membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell

MitochondriaCell respiration

Free 80S ribosomesProtein synthesis for use within the cell

LysosomesContain enzymes for intracellular digestion

CytoplasmSolutes and enzymes for metabolic pathways

Golgi apparatusModifies and packages proteins for export

from the cell. Produces vesicles for exocytosis

Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumAttached 80S ribosomes produce proteins for export from the cell

NucleusContains DNA in the form of chromosomes

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2.5.4 Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase). Try drawing this with a cell of n=2.

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2.5.4 Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase). Try drawing this with a cell of n=2.

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2.4.1 Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes.

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3.1.4 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.

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3.1.4 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.

Large oxygen atom pulls shared electrons closer to it, becoming slightly negative.

Therefore hydrogen atoms become slightly positive.

Covalent bond: shared electrons

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3.1.4 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.

Large oxygen atom pulls shared electrons closer to it, becoming slightly negative.

Therefore hydrogen atoms become slightly positive.

Covalent bond: shared electrons

Hydrogen bonds form between the slightly positive hydrogens of one water molecule and the

slightly negative oxygens of the next.

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3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their structure.

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Diagrams taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/4/page/3.html

3.3.1 Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar (deoxyribose), baseand phosphate.

Phosphate ion

Deoxyribose sugar

Nitrogenous base:• Adenine• Thymine• Guanine• Cytosine

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3.3.3 Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bondsinto a single strand.

Diagrams taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/4/page/3.html

Phosphate ion

Deoxyribose sugar

Nitrogenous base:• Adenine• Thymine• Guanine• Cytosine

1

23

4

5

Covalent bond between C3 of one molecule and the phosphate of the next

Covalent bond between C3 of one molecule and the phosphate of the next. New nucleotides are added to the C3 each time.

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3.3.5 Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA.

Diagrams taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/4/page/3.html

Deoxyribose sugar

1

23

4

5

Covalent bond

Phosphate ion

Antiparallel strands

adenine thymine

guanine cytosine

Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs

(A&T; G&C)

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3.8.4 Outline the differences in absorption of red, blue and green light by chlorophyll.

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3.8.4 Outline the differences in absorption of red, blue and green light by chlorophyll.

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3.8.8 Outline the effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis. The shape of the graphs is required.

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3.8.8 Outline the effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis. The shape of the graphs is required.

TemperatureAt low temperature:Increase in temperature increases rate of reaction. At high temperature:Increase in temp. leads to sharp decline in rate as enzymes are denatured.

Rate

of r

eacti

on

Rate

of r

eacti

on

Rate

of r

eacti

on

Light intensityAt low light intensity:Increase in light intensity increases rate of reaction. At high light intensity:Increase in light intensity has no effect on rate of reaction – plateau.

CO2 concentrationAt low [CO2] :Increase in [CO2] increases rate of reaction. At high [CO2] :Increase in [CO2] has no effect on rate of reaction – plateau as all active sites are filled.

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4.2.3Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over, followed by two divisions, which results in four haploid cells. Try drawing this with a cell of n=2.

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4.2.3Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over, followed by two divisions, which results in four haploid cells. Try drawing this with a cell of n=2.

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5.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples, each with at least three linkages (four organisms).

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5.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples, each with at least three linkages (four organisms).

Food chains show the flow of energy through the trophic levels of a feeding relationship. PRODUCER PRIMARY CONSUMER SECONDARY CONSUMER TERTIARY CONSUMER

“eaten by”

Yellow iris moth caterpillar great tit sparrowhawk

Phytoplankton krill cod seal

diatoms freshwater shrimp bream osprey

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5.1.8 Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms, using appropriate information.

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5.1.8 Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms, using appropriate information.

Arrows show flow of energy. Some species can be classified in two or more trophic levels, e.g. marine omnivores

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5.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved.

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5.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved.

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5.3.1 Outline how population size is affected by natality, immigration, mortality and emigration.

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5.3.1 Outline how population size is affected by natality, immigration, mortality and emigration.

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5.3.3 Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve.

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5.3.3 Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve.

time

popu

latio

n

K

Transition phase

Exponential phase

Plateau phase

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5.3.3 Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve.5.3.4 Explain the exponential, transition and plateau phases.

time

popu

latio

n

K

Transition phaseI + N > E + M (but less so)

Increased competition as space and resources are used up. Rate

of population growth slows.

Exponential phase

I + N > E + M Abundant space and resources. Very little competition so reproduction is high.

Plateau phaseI + N = E + M High competition as space and resources are limited. High effect of natural selection.

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6.1.4 Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system.

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6.1.4 Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system.

mouth

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

rectum

liver

gall bladder

pancreas

anus

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6.1.7 Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion.

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6.1.7 Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion.

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6.1.7 Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transport of the products of digestion.

Single-cell epitheliumShort diffusion path for digested

moleculesLacteals

Absorption and transport of lipid molecules

Rich network of capillariesTransport of molecules. Maintains

high concentration gradient between lumen of gut and blood.

MitochondriaActive transport of

digested food molecules

MicrovilliFurther increase in SA:Vol ratio

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6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.

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6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.

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6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins.

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6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins.

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6.3.4 Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues.

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6.3.4 Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues.

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6.4.3 Describe the features of alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange.

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6.4.3 Describe the features of alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange.

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6.4.4 Draw and label a diagram of the ventilation system, including trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

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6.4.4 Draw and label a diagram of the ventilation system, including trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

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6.5.2 Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron.

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6.5.2 Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron.

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6.5.2 Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron.

Dendritic end terminal end

dendrites

axon

axon hillock

cell body

nucleusmyelin sheath

Nodes of Ranviermotor end plates

muscle tissue

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6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult male reproductive system.

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6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult male reproductive system.

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6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult male reproductive system.

sperm duct

bladder

semen gland

prostate gland

urethra

epididymispenis

testis

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6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult female reproductive system.

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6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult female reproductive system.

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6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult female reproductive system.

vagina

cervixmuscle wallendometrium

uterusovary

Oviduct/ Fallopian tube

bladder

urethra

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6.6.3 Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation and thickening of the endometrium.

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6.6.3 Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation and thickening of the endometrium.

Day 0 5 14 28

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6.6.3 Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation and thickening of the endometrium.

Day 0 5 14 28

Day 0-5 Endometrium is broken down (menstruation) as progesterone falls.Day 5-14 Estrogen rises, endometrium builds.

Day 14-28 Endometrium maintained by high progesterone levels to prepare for fertilisation.

endometrium

Day 0-14 FSH and LH stimulate development of the oocyte (egg) in the ovary.

Day 14 peak of LH causes ovulation.

Day 15-28 FSH and LH inhibited by estrogen and progesterone, preventing further release of eggs.

Day 0-14 estrogen increases, building the endometrium.

Day 14-18 estrogen drops, progesterone peaks, maintaining endometrium and inhibiting FSH and LH.

Day 28 Progesterone drops if the egg is not fertilised and does not implant onto endometrium.

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

estrogenprogesterone

For more IB Biology resources:http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

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