dreams and sleep disorders
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DREAMS
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Dreams as %the Residue of the Day&
Most dreams involve memories of theday gone by'&the residue of the day&
$raumatic events can spa!nnightmares
(eople !ho have fre)uent nightmares
are more likely to have feelings ofanxiety and depression
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Dreams* Expression of +nconscious
Desires
%A dream is a !ish your heart makes&
It re"ects unconscious !ishes and urges
Dreams is symbolic of unconsciousfantasi,ed ob-ects
Dreams do seem to be consistent !ith
gender roles
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reud/s $heory of DreamInterpretation
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0122'(sychologists believed that dreams
!ere meaningless and bi,arre images reud/s theory changed it all !hen he
said dreams !ere a !ay 3%the royal
road&4 to reach our unconscious thoughtsand desires
Dreams contained symbols and can beinterpreted
Male sex symbols are long ob-ects !hilefemale sex symbols are hollo! things
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(sychoanalysts task !as to interpretdream symbols !hich !ere the %royalroad& to uncover a client/s threatening
but unconscious desires needs emotions Many psychoanalysts agree !ith reud
!hile many non'reudian therapistsdisagree !it his dream theory
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$he Activation'Synthesis Model of
Dreams
Ac5 and pons stimulate responses thatleads to dreaming
6. Allan 5obson'psychiatrist andneurophysiologist
RAS stimulates parts of the cortexinvolved in memory then it synthesi,esthese sources of stimulation to yield the
stu7 of dreams
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8rain scans'the bases for 5obson/stheory
During REM sleep prefrontal cortex hadreduced activity
$he limbic system and the visual cortex
had increased activity
Dreams are emotional 3limbic system4and full of visual images 3visual cortex4
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S9EE( DIS:RDERS
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I#S:M#IA
Refers to di;culties in either going tosleep or staying asleep through the
night
Associated !ith a number of daytimecomplaint 3fatigue impairment of
concentration memory di;culty and
lack of !ell'being4
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(sychological causes'experiencing anoverload of stressful events !orrying
about personal or -ob'relateddi;culties grieving over a loss or
death and coping !ith mentalproblems
(hysiological causes'changing tonight'shift !ork !hich upsets
circadian rhythms having medicalproblems and abusing alcohol or
other substances 3sedatives4
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#ondrug treatment'may di7er inmethod but all have the same goal
$o stop the person from excessive!orrying and reduce tension
:ne proven cognitive'behavioral methodof reducing insomnia is establishing an
optimal sleep pattern
Drug treatment'stressful situationsresult in chronic insomnia !hich last
for more than three !eeks 3goingthrough a divorce or dealing !ithphysical in-ury4
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8en,odia,epines'reduces anxiety!orry and stress and are e7ective
and relatively safe !hen taken inmoderate doses in the short'termtreatment of insomnia Memory loss and excessive sleepiness
#onben,odia,epines'popularsleeping pills because they are fast
acting reduce daytime dro!sinesshave fe!er cognitive side e7ectsand are less likely to lead todependence
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#ARfteen minutes or so
May be accompanied by thecondition called sleep paralysis
A disorder of REM'sleep functioning
Stimulants and antidepressants havehelped many people !ith narcolepsy
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#AR
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A(#EA
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DEE('S9EE( DIS:RDERS* S9EE(
$ERR:RS
Similar to but more severe thannightmares
:ccurs during the >rst t!o sleep
cycles Experiencing a surge in the heart and
respiration rates
(erson may suddenly sit up talkincoherently and thrash about
Decreased by a minor tran)uili,er at
bedtime
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DEE('S9EE( DIS:RDERS* 8ED'
?E$$I#@
Re"ects immaturity of the nervoussystem
Resolves itself before adolescence Method that condition children to
a!aken !hen they are about tourinate have been helpful
Imipramine
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DEE('S9EE( DIS:RDERS*
S9EE(?A9I#@
5alf of the children talk in their sleepno! and then
BC to 0C of children !alk in theirsleep
:nly C of adults do
Sleep!alkers typically don/tremember their excursions
Mild tran)uili,ers and maturity
typically put an end to it
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S$RA#@E S9EE(I#@ DIS:RDERS
#octurnal lagophthalmos #octurnal lagophthalmos is the inability
to close the eyelids during sleep.
Exploding head syndrome Exploding head syndrome is a
parasomnia. Exploding head consists of
a loud noise that you suddenly imagine-ust before you fall asleep
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S$RA#@E S9EE(I#@ DIS:RDERS
Sexsomnia is a form of non'rapid eye movement
3#REM4 parasomnia that causes peopleto engage in sexual acts such asmasturbation fondling intercourse andsometimes rape !hile they are asleep
Sudden +nexpected #octurnal Death
Syndrome is sudden unexpected death of
adolescents and adults often
during sleep