Upload File

drift in ates variance among populations - university...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Drift In ates Variance among Populations - University …content.csbs.utah.edu/~rogers/ant4234/lectures/popstruc-2x3.pdfDrift In ates Variance among Populations ... PC map of European
4
Geographic Population Structure Alan R. Rogers April 22, 2015 1 / 22 Drift Inflates Variance among Populations 2 / 22 Variance among groups increases across generations (Buri 1956) 3 / 22 Gene flow (migration) reduces population differences 0 1 p 4Nm = 0: No gene flow . . 0 1 p 0 100 200 300 Generation 4Nm = 20: strong gene flow . . 4 / 22 PC map of European genetic distances Mormon US England Denmark Germany Sweden Finland Norway Iceland France Italy Spain Switzerland Poland Netherlands • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Genetic differences resemble geographic differences (McLellan et al 1984) 5 / 22 Genetic and geographic distance Genetic Distance 0 3000 Europe . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 9000 N America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 9000 S America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genetic Distance 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 Geographic Distance (km) World . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . × × × × × × ×× × × × × × × × × × × × ×× × × × × × × × × × ×××× × × × × × × × × × ×× × × × × × × × × ×× × × × × ×× × × × ×× × × × × ×× × × × × ×× × × × ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ . × Australia and Pacific; ◦, Americas. 6 / 22

Upload: duongkiet

Post on 22-May-2018

216 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Drift In ates Variance among Populations - University …content.csbs.utah.edu/~rogers/ant4234/lectures/popstruc-2x3.pdfDrift In ates Variance among Populations ... PC map of European

Geographic Population Structure

Alan R. Rogers

April 22, 2015

1 / 22

Drift Inflates Variance among Populations

2 / 22

Variance among groups increases across generations (Buri1956)

3 / 22

Gene flow (migration) reduces population differences

0

1

p

4Nm = 0: No gene flow

................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............

0

1

p

0 100 200 300Generation

4Nm = 20: strong gene flow

..................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

...............

...........................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................

4 / 22

PC map of European genetic distances

Mormon

US

EnglandDenmark

Germany

SwedenFinlandNorway

Iceland

France

ItalySpain

Switzerland

Poland

Netherlands•

•

••

•

•••

•

•

••

•

•

•Geneticdifferencesresemblegeographicdifferences

(McLellan et al1984)

5 / 22

Genetic and geographic distance

GeneticDistance

0 3000

Europe

.. .

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

...

..

.

...

.

.

.........................................................................................................................................................

0 9000

N America

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

...

..

.

.

...

.

..

.

.

.

....

..

.

.

...

... ...

....

.

.

. ...

.

..

..

.

.

..

...

.

....

.

.. .

..

. .

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

. .

.

...

.

.

...

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

...

..

. ...

..

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

.. .

..

..

.

...

.

. .

..

...

.

.. .

.

.

.

..

.

.

........

.. .

. .

....

.

.

. .

..

. ..

.

.. ...

.

.. ..

.

.

..

..

.

..

.

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

. .... ..

.

...

.

..

..

....

.

.

..

..

.

..

.

...

.

. . ..

.

.

...

.

.

. .

..

.

..

.

...

... .

.

.

.

.. ..

.

.

. .

...

.

..

..

.. ..

.

.

. .

.

.

.

..

.

....

.

.

..

..

..

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

..

..

.

.

. .

..

..

.

.

...

.

.

...

...

..

.

...

.

...

..

.

. ..

. ..

.. .

.

..

. .

. .

.

.

...

....

.

.

.

.

... ..

.

..

.

..

.

.

..

.

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

. ..

. ..

.. .

.

..

. .

. ...

.

.

.

..

.

.

.. ..

.

. ..

. ..

.

..

.

.

.. .

..

..

.

.

.

...

.

. ..

.

.

..

..

. ..

.

..

.

...

.

. .. ..

.

.

.

...

.

.....

..

..

. ..

.

. .

.

..

..

. .

. ....

..

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

. ..

.

.. .

.

.

..

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.. ..

.

.

.

..

.

....

.. ..

.

. .

.

...

.

... ..

...

.

.

...

.

.

. ..

.

.

..

.

.

. ..

...

.

.

..

.

.

.. ..

.

..

..

.

...

.

.

.

..

.

.

..

..

. ..

.

. .

.

...

.

. ...

....

.

..

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

....

.

..

.

....

..

..

....

.

. ..

.

.

...

.

..

.

.

.

..

..

. ..

.. .

.

..

..

. ....

...

.

... .

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

. ..

. ..

...

.

... .

. ...

.

...

.. .. ..

.

.

.

..

.. .. ..

.

. ... ..

.

..

.

.

.

..

.

.

....

..

.

.

. . .. .

.

.

.

..

.

.

....

.

.

... .

.

...

.

..

.

.. .

.

.

....

.. .. ....

.

..

..

.

.

..

..

.. .

.

. .... .

.... .

.

..

.

.

...

.. .. ...

.

. ...

..

.

.

..

... ..

... .

..

.

.

.

....

..

.

...........

...

.

.

...

.

...

..

.

. ..

. ..

.. .

.

..

. .

. .

......

.... .....

..

.

.... ..

. .

.

..

.

.

.

....

.

.

...

. ..

....

.

....

.

....

.....

.

..

...

.

. ......

.

... .

.

.

...

. ..

..

.

.... ..... ..

... .. .

.

.

.

..

...

...

. .

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

..

.

..

.

.. ...

.

.

... .

..

.

.

. ....

.

...

.

.

. ......

.

.. .

.

. .

.

..

..

...

.

. ...

.

.........

. ...

.

.

...

.

.

.. .

.

.

.

..

.

...

...

.

..

. ...

..

....

..

... ......

. ..

..

.

.

.

..

...

...

..

.

.

..

.

.

..

.

..

.

.

..... ...

.

.... .. .

..

.

. .....

.

.

...

.

.

....

.

...

. ..

.. .

.

..

. .

..

..

....

.

..

. .. .. .

..

.

..

.

...

.

.

.

...

.

..

..

....

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

..

....

.

...........

...

.

.. .

.

.

...

.

.. .

..

...

.

...

.

..

.

... .

...

.....

.

.... ..... .

...

...

...

.

.

...

.

.

..

.

.

.

..

.. ..

.

. .

.

..

. .

..

..

....

.

... .....

..

.

..

.

...

..

.

.

.

...

.

...

.

.

.

...

. ..

.

..

.

..

. .

.

.

. .....

.

..

. ....

.

. .

.

...

...

....

.

.

.

....

....

..

.

.

...

...

.

.... .

. ... ...

. .

... ......

...

....

.... .

.

.

...

..

. ...

.

..

.

. ..

...

.

..

.

.. .

.

.

....

..

.. ...

... .

...

.

..

.

.... . .

.

.

.

..

..

. ...

....

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

..

... ...

.

..........

.. ..

. .. .. ...

..

.

.. .. .

.

...

.

..

.

.

..

.

. ......

..

.... ...

..... ..

.....

..

.

...

... . ..

..

.

.

.

..

...

...

..

.

.

..

.

.

..

.

..

. .

..... ...

.

.... ...

.

..

....

...

... . .....

.

...

.

.

...

.

.

.

. .

.

. ..

.. .

.

..

..

. ...

....

.... .... ..

.

. ..

..

.

.

..

... .. .

..

.

. ...

.

.. .

...

..

.

...

...

.

... ..

...

....

..... ..

...

.. ..

..

.

...

.. .... ...

.

.

...

.

.

..

..

.

. ..

. ..

...

.

...

.. .

......

.... ......

.

. ..

.

..

..

... . ..

..

...

.

..

..

.

.

..

.

.

.

. ..

. ..

...

.

..

... .

.

.

.

...

.... ....

...

. ..

.

..

.

.

.

.. . ..

.

..

...

.

.

..

.

.

. ..

.

.

..

.

.

. .

.

...

.

..

.

.

..

. .....

.

... ....

...

... ...

..

.

..

...

..

.. ..

.. .

.

..

.

.

..

..

. ..

.

.. .

.

.

. .

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

.... .

.

.

.

.. .

..

.

..

.

.

.

. ..

. .

.

.

..

...

..

. .

..

.

.

..

.

..

. ..

. ....

.

..

.. ..

..

.

.

...

.... ...

.

...

. ..

.

..

.

.

.

.. . ..

. ......

..

..

..

.

.

..

.

.

...

..

. ..

.. .

.

...

.

..

. .....

.

. .. ......

.... ...

..

.

.. .

...

... ...

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

.

. ...

..

.

.

...

.

. .

.

...

..

.... ...

.

.... ..... .. ..

.... ...

. .... ..

.. .. .

.

..

.

..

..

.

.

..

...

...

...

. ..

.

... ..

..

.

....

.. ... ..

.

.....

.

.

..

.

..

. ...

....

.. ..

..

...

.

...

.

.

.

..

..

.. .

.. ..

...

.

... .

..

.

.

....

.. .. ....

.

. ..

..

.

...

..

.. . .. .

... ....

.

.. ..

.

.

...

..

. .

.

.

.

..

.

...

.

..

.

..

. .

..

.. . ...

.

. ... ......

...

.

...

..

..

.

.. .

.. .. ..

.

.

. ... .................................................................................................

....................................................

0 9000

S America

..

..

.

.

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

.. .

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

..

..

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

..

...

.. .

.

..

.

.

...

.

..

...

.

. .

.

.. ..

.

.

...

.

..

.

.

.

...

.

.

.

..

... .

.

. .

.

.

.

. ..

.

..

. .

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

..

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

....

.

.

. ..

..

.

.

..

.

.

..

..

.

.

...

. .

.

.

.

.. .

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

. .

...

.

... .

.

.

....

...

.

.

.......

.

. ..

.

. ..

.

...

.

.

... ....

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

. ..

..

. .

.. .

.

...

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.. ..

.

.

.

...

..

. .

.

.

.

..

.

.

..

....

.

.

.

.

.

..

......

...

.

.

...

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

...

.

...

..

.

.

..

.

.

..

..

.

.

...

. .....

. .. .

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

.

.

.

...

.. ...

.... . .

.

..

.

. .

.

...

......

..

...

.

.. .. .

.

. ..

.

.

.

... .

..

.

.

.

.

. ... ..

. ....

....

.

.

.

..

.

...

..

.

.

...

.

...

..

..

. .....

..

.

.

......

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .....

.

. .... ..

..

.

.

..

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.....

.

.

..

.

.

.

..

.

.

..

... .

.

..

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

... .

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.. .

.

...

.

...

.

.

.......

.

. .

.

.

.

...

.

..

. ...

..

.

. ..

.

.

.

..

.... ...

.

..

..

..

.

.

.

. ..

.

..

..

..

.

..

.

.

..

.

...

.

....

....

.

.

.. .

...

..

..

..

.

..

.

. ..

.

.

.

..

.

......

.

....

.

...

..

...

..

..

.. . .

.

.

...

....

.

.

.

.

.

.

....

..

.

..

.....

.

..

....

..

...

.

..

...

.

. .

.

.

.

...

.... ... .

.

..

.

.

..

.. ...

.

.

.

..

.

..

.

.

. ...

.

.

.

..

.

..

...

..

.

.

..

..

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

...

.

.

.

.

.

...

....

.

..

..

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

..

..

.

...

.

...

.

..

.

..

.

.. ..

.

....

. .

...

.

.. ..

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

... ..

.

..

.

.

.

.

. .

.

..

. .

.

....

.

. ...

..

..

.

. ..

.

..

......

.

.

....

.

.

.

..

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

..

.

..

. ...

. .

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.. ...

.

.

...

... ..

..

.

. ....

.

..

..

...

.

. .

... ..

.

.

..

.

.

....

.

...

..

...

...

.

.. ..

.

.

....

.

....

..

...

.

..

.

.

.

. ..

.

...

.

.

.

.....

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

...

..

....

.

.

...

.

.

.

.

..

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

....

.

.......

.

. .

.

.

.

....

..

. ..

...

.

. .

.

... ..

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

...

..

..

..

. ..

.

.

.. ...

.

.

....

. ..

.

..

....

. .

.

.

... .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

. ..

.

..

.

...

.

.

.

..

.

... .

.

.

.

....

.

.

.

.

.. .

.

.

..

..

....

.

.

.

.

..

.

..

.

. .

.

.

.

. ...

.

.

..

.

....

.

.

.

..

..

.

..

.

.

. ..

.

..

..

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

....................................................................................................

GeneticDistance

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000Geographic Distance (km)

World.. .

. .

.

..

..

..

..

.

..

. .

..

..

..

...

..

. .

... .

..

. .

.. . ..

..

..

.. . ...

..

..

.. . ....

..

..

.. . ...

.

.

..

. .

.. . ..

..

..

..

. .

.. . ...

.

...

..

. .

.. . ...

.

.. ..

..

. .

.. . ..

..

... ..

..

. .

.. . ...

.

.. ... .

..

. .

.. . ...

.... ....

××× ××××××××

××××××××

××× ×

××××××××× ×××××××

××× ×

××××××××× ××××××

××

××× ××××××××

×× ××××××××

×

◦◦◦ ◦

◦◦ ◦ ◦◦◦◦◦◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦◦◦

◦◦ ◦

◦◦◦ ◦

◦◦ ◦ ◦◦◦◦◦◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦◦◦

◦◦ ◦◦

◦◦◦

◦

◦◦ ◦ ◦◦◦◦◦◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦◦◦◦◦ ◦

◦◦

...............................................................

....................................................................

......................................................................................

.............................................................................

..............................................................

× Australia and Pacific; ◦, Americas.

6 / 22

Page 2: Drift In ates Variance among Populations - University …content.csbs.utah.edu/~rogers/ant4234/lectures/popstruc-2x3.pdfDrift In ates Variance among Populations ... PC map of European

Long shared segments ⇒ recent common ancestry

7 / 22

Study of Ralph and Coop (2013)

Tracing shared segments througha hypothetical genealogy.

Long segments ⇒ recentancestry.

8 / 22

Ancestry spreads out in space

Green: geographic spread ofancestry of left point.

Orang: geographic spread ofancestry of right point.

Gray: common ancestors of leftpoint and right.

9 / 22

Italians

Top: number of blocks shared withFrench-speaking Swiss.

Bimodal: some Italians share a lot of blocks withSwiss. Others only a few.

Bottom: number shared with UK

10 / 22

Sharing with French-speaking Swiss and UK

Each dot an individual. Color shows country oforigin.

Those who share ancestry with Swiss alsoshare ancestry with UK.

Presumably reflects immigration fromancestors of Swiss and British.

11 / 22

British

Top: number of blocks shared with Irish.

Bottom: number shared with Germans.

12 / 22

Page 3: Drift In ates Variance among Populations - University …content.csbs.utah.edu/~rogers/ant4234/lectures/popstruc-2x3.pdfDrift In ates Variance among Populations ... PC map of European

Sharing with Irish and Germans

Each dot an individual. Pink, Germans; Green,British; Blue, Irish.

Brits with lots of German ancestry have littleIrish ancestry.

British population is a mixture of Celts andGermans.

If we focused on shorter IBD blocks, we’d bestudying a different time scale, and the patternmight be different.

13 / 22

Geographic decay of recent relatedness

Size of circle shows mean number of long ID blocks shared withlabeled population.

14 / 22

Geographic decay of recent relatedness

Genetic similarity versus geographic distance. Small dots are pairsof individuals. E, Eastern Europe; W, Western Europe; N, Northern

Europe; I, Italy & Iberia; TC, Turkey & Cyprus. (Ralph & Coop 2013)

15 / 22

Fine-scale genetic structure of the British population

Leslie et al (2015)

2049 people from rural areas, whose 4 grandparents were bornwithin 80 miles of each other.

Use LD across genome in addition to variation at individual loci.

16 / 22

Genetic map ofBritain

Colors indicategenetically similargroups.

17 / 22

Leslie-ancestryProfiles.png

18 / 22

Page 4: Drift In ates Variance among Populations - University …content.csbs.utah.edu/~rogers/ant4234/lectures/popstruc-2x3.pdfDrift In ates Variance among Populations ... PC map of European

19 / 22 20 / 22

21 / 22 22 / 22


ATES research

ATES at Grundfos A/S Bjerringbro - DBDH · 2018-12-21 · ATES at Grundfos A/S Bjerringbro Energy budget with ATES. Winter mode HEAT PUMP 20 ATES 80 HEAT PUMP 25 COOLING DISTRUBUTION

Analysis of Variance€¦ · • Analysis of variance compares two or more populations of interval data. • Specifically, we are interested in determining whether differences exist

Demographic variance in heterogeneous populations: matrix ... · structured matrix population models. We derive the demographic variance,s d, which 2 measures the per capita contribution

Operating Variance Details - Brampton Budget/Proposed...Variance - 1 Operating Variance Details Brampton Library Variance - 2 Community Services Variance - 5 Corporate Services Variance

Analysis of Variance ST 511 Introduction n Analysis of variance compares two or more populations of quantitative data. n Specifically, we are interested

Ates Gursimsek - Portfolio Samples (2013)

Chapter Ten The Analysis Of Variance. ANOVA Definitions > Factor The characteristic that differentiates the treatment or populations from one another

II-YR- ME - Anucde7) a) If independent random samples of size n 1= n 2 = 8 come from normal populations having the same variance, what is the probability that either sample variance

Analysis of Variance Chapter 15 15.1 Introduction Analysis of variance compares two or more populations of interval data. Specifically, we are interested

MANOVA Multivariate Analysis of Variance. One way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) Comparing k p-variate Normal Populations

Analysis of Variance - Stony Brookzhu/ams394/Lab11.pdfAnalysis of Variance 1 One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Comparing k Populations 2 The F test – for comparing k means Situation

mates front cmyk endmates-online.de/upload/downloads/MATES_Potrait.pdf · (I)ates dui sport duisPOrt duisport agency duisport ... (I)ates (u)ates . Title: mates_front_cmyk_end.psd

ANOVA: Analysis of Variance - University of New …math.newhaven.edu/mhm/courses/estat/slides/ANOVA.pdfANOVA (analysis of variance) is for testing if the means of k di erent populations

TESTS OF HYPOTHESES OF POPULATIONS WITH KNOWN VARIANCE TWO SAMPLE Tests on The Difference of Means Tests on The Ratio of Variances

THE STRATEGY PROCESS NÜFER YASIN ATES A MIDDLE … · 2016-03-10 · NÜFER YASIN ATES The Strategy Process A Middle Management Perspective NÜFER YASIN ATES - The Strategy Process

PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY...Standard costing and variance analysis: material cost variance- Labour cost variance- overhead variance- sales variance- profit variance. Unit –IV Financial

Christine Feehan - Kara Ates╠ğ

PBG 650 Advanced Plant Breeding Module 2: Inbreeding Genetic Diversity –A few definitions Small Populations –Random drift –Changes in variance, genotypes

Analysis of Variance Chapter 12 Introduction Analysis of variance compares two or more populations of interval data. Specifically, we are interested

Modeling the Variance of Network Populations with Mixed

Two-Sample Z-Tests Assuming Equal Variance - NCSS · When running a two-sample equal-variance z-test, the basic assumptions are that the distributions of the two populations are normal,

One Way analysis of Variance - CBA · 2018. 5. 7. · One-Way Analysis of Variance Evaluate the difference among the means of three or more populations Examples: Accident rates for

ATES BROCHURE 2015 rev 1

Guide Garantie Institutionnel Ates

Ates Transcript Vol 17

TSTANBUL MyClub Fitness Magazinemyclub.com/now/now31.pdf · s retro cy ates atw a perform hath ates artacus a tion speed w ath o is w ates ates t cle bo pilates atw perform ath pilates

Comparing k Populations Means – One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Analysis of Variance or ANOVA. In ANOVA, we are interested in comparing the means of different populations (usually more than 2 populations). Since this

1 Analysis of Variance Chapter 14 2 Introduction Analysis of variance helps compare two or more populations of quantitative data. Specifically, we are

DUTCH POLICY ON ATES SYSTEMS - Dutch Ates

Analysis of Variance - University of Texas at DallasThe purpose of analysis of variance is to compare two or more populations of interval data. Specifically, we are interested in

Ates Gursimsek - Unity 3D Projects

One-Way Analysis of Variance F-Tests - NCSS · One-Way Analysis of Variance F-Tests Introduction A common task in research is to compare the averages of two or more populations (groups)

CSS 650 Advanced Plant Breeding Module 2: Inbreeding Small Populations –Random drift –Changes in variance, genotypes Mating Systems –Inbreeding coefficient