Drinking Alcohol

+Respiratory

system

Design by : Maryam AL-QhatanyPresent by : Maryam AL-Qhatany. Esra Takrouni Zainab AL-kamise

Learning Objectives

• The effect of alcohol in the body.• Alcohol and brain.• Definition of coma and

Vegetative State (VS).• Define wheezing, shallow

breathing and shortness of breath (SOB).

• Path physiology of pneumothorax and rib fracture.

Introduction

Alcohol and depression are among the

most prevalent mental health conditions in the

United StatesAlcoholism has the potential to impact on the quality of life (QOL) of an `alcoholic,' their family, healthy , and

friends in both the short and long term

A 22-year-old man is in the coffee shop with his friends. When he gets up to leave at 2 a.m., he blacks out and falls, banging his chest on the corner of a table. He is brought to the A&E for examination immediately. On arrival, he smells of alcohol and only reacts to strong pain stimuli. He is wheezing and his breathing is shallow and slow. The left side of his thorax only moves minimally. Arterial blood gases are follows: PaO2 = 60 mmHg, PaCO2= 50 mmHg and pH = 7.3. further examination shows that several ribs on the left side of his body are fractured.

Side effect of Alcohol .

effects of alcohol on the respiratory system

Hangovers

Cancer.

Liver disease.

Depressed immune system.

Heart failure

Brain Damage

Neuropathy (neuromuscular)

respiratory failure

and the Brain

Alcohol(not like any food it is not digestive )

Absorption

Bloodstream

affects the brain and central nervous system.

Brain

Neurotransmitter

inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that

transmit the signals throughout the body that control thought processes,

behavior and emotion. Neurotransmitters are

either excitatory, or inhibitory,

altering levels

(learning and memory)

excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate

(slows down the activity of nerve cells in the brain)

inhibitsincrease

Cerebral cortex:

• In this region, where thought processing and consciousness are centered, alcohol depresses the behavioral inhibitory centers, making the person less inhibited; it slows down the processing of information from the eye , ear ,mouth and other senses.

Cerebellum

• Alcohol affects this center of movement and balance, resulting in the staggering, off-balance the so-called "falling-down drunk."

Medulla •This area of the brain handles such automatic functions as breathing, consciousness and body temperature.. It can also slow breathing and lower body temperature, which can be life threatening

A 22-year-old man is in the coffee shop with his friends. When he gets up to leave at 2 a.m., he blacks out and falls, banging his chest on the corner of a table. He is brought to the A&E for examination immediately. On arrival, he smells of alcohol and only reacts to strong pain stimuli. He is wheezing and his breathing is shallow and slow. The left side of his thorax only moves minimally. Arterial blood gases are follows: PaO2 = 60 mmHg, PaCO2= 50 mmHg and pH = 7.3. further examination shows that several ribs on the left side of his body are fractured.

• Coma:

• A coma is a prolonged state of unconsciousness. • During a coma, a person is unresponsive to his or her

environment. The person is alive and looks like he or she is sleeping.

• The individual responds minimally or not at all to stimuli, and initiates no voluntary activities.

Case analysis

• Vegetative State (VS):

• Arousal is present, but the ability to interact with the environment is not.

• Eye opening can be spontaneous or in response to stimulation

• General responses to pain exist.• Sleep-wakes cycles, respiratory functions, and digestive

functions return

Case analysis

• Wheezing • is a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing.

Case analysis

• Description• Wheezing occurs when a child or adult tries to breathe

deeply through air passages that are narrowed or filled with mucus as a result of:

• allergy • infection • illness • irritation

Wheezing

Disease associated with wheezing:

• Etexposure to allergens • Foreign objects trapped in the airway .•Respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchitis, congestive heart failure, and emphysema

Possible diagnosis

Pathological : pneumothorax

foreign objects trapped in the airway

• shallow breathing:• Breathing with abnormally low tidal volume.• The normal tidal volume is about 500 ml.• a respiration pattern marked by slow, shallow, and generally

ineffective inspirations and expirations.• hypopnea:• shortness of breath (SOB)

Shallow breathing

• Caused by:• Asthma.• pneumonia.• congestive heart failure • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease• Many other causes.• Usually the shallow breathing or shortness of breath is

associated with rabid breathing .

Shallow breathing

Minimum movement of the lung caused by:

The effect of a trauma Pathological effect Pneumothorax

Minimum movement of the lung

• Pneumothorax• laterally means (air in the chest).

• There are many type of pneumothorax:• Traumatic pneumothorax :is that results from injury to the

pleura, with air introduced into the pleural space .

Pneumothorax

Rib Fracture

A 22-year-old man is in the coffee shop with his friends. When he gets up to leave at 2 a.m., he blacks out and falls, banging his chest on the corner of a table. He is brought to the A&E for examination immediately. On arrival, he smells of alcohol and only reacts to strong pain stimuli. He is wheezing and his breathing is shallow and slow. The left side of his thorax only moves minimally. Arterial blood gases are follows: PaO2 = 60 mmHg, PaCO2= 50 mmHg and pH = 7.3. further examination shows that several ribs on the left side of his body are fractured.

alveoli Venous Values Arterial Values GAS7.37-7.43 7.31-7.41 7.35-7.45 PH104 40 100 PO2

40 46 40 PCO2

the normal value of blood Gas

relation between Co2and the PH

CO2 forms carbonic acid when dissolved in water

Carbonic acid is an acid

relation between Co2and the PH

HCO3 ions

H+ ions

HPCO2

effect of high level of Co2 in the respiratory center in the medulla

effect of high level of Co2 in the respiratory center in the medulla

These receptors are sensitive to changes in pH.

causing a desire to breath

the respiratory drive is controlled by the central chemoreceptor in the hypothalamus

summary

References

http://www.physioweb.org/respiration/control_breath.htmlhttp://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003070.htmhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wheezinghttp://www.webmd.com/brain/coma-types-causes-treatments-prognosishttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+failurehttp://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/fractured-rib-topic-overviewHard copy pneumothorax.

http://www.med.unc.edu/alcohol/prevention/health.html

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/alcohol-side effects.html

http://www.addiction411.com/alcoholism-health-abuse-issues/

http://www.oregoncounseling.org/articlespapers/documents/etohbiofx.htm

Good healthy

Happy life

Thank you